Darwin Charles Robert Darwin, FRS (12 February 1809 C 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist and geologist, best known by his contributions on evolutionary theory. He established that all species of life had descended over time from common ancestors, and in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence had a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s the scientific community and many of the general publics had accepted evolution as a fact. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery was the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.
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