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Read, Reason, Write unites instruction in critical reading and analysis, argument, and research strategies with a rich collection of readings that provide both practice for these skills and new ideas and insights for readers. Through all of its years, this text has been committed to showing students how reading, analytic, argumentative, and research skills are interrelated and how these skills combine to develop each student s critical thinking ability."
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Read, Reason, Write unites instruction in critical reading and analysis, argument, and research strategies with a rich collection of readings that provide both practice for these skills and new ideas and insights for readers. Through all of its years, this text has been committed to showing students how reading, analytic, argumentative, and research skills are interrelated and how these skills combine to develop each student s critical thinking ability."
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Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: McGraw Hill LLC
- 10th edition
- Seitenzahl: 622
- Erscheinungstermin: 15. Juli 2011
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 231mm x 185mm x 18mm
- Gewicht: 916g
- ISBN-13: 9780073405933
- ISBN-10: 0073405930
- Artikelnr.: 34922091
- Verlag: McGraw Hill LLC
- 10th edition
- Seitenzahl: 622
- Erscheinungstermin: 15. Juli 2011
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 231mm x 185mm x 18mm
- Gewicht: 916g
- ISBN-13: 9780073405933
- ISBN-10: 0073405930
- Artikelnr.: 34922091
Dorothy U. Seyler is professor of English at Northern Virginia Community College. A Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the College of William and Mary, Dr. Seyler holds advanced degrees from Columbia University and the State University of New York at Albany. She taught at Ohio State University, the University of Kentucky, and Nassau Community College before moving with her family to Northern Virginia. She has coauthored Introduction to Literature and Language Power, both in second editions, and is the author of The Writer's Stance, Patterns of Reflection, in its third edition, The Reading Context, Steps to College Reading, Understanding Argument, and Read, Reason, Write, currently in its fifth edition and Doing Research, currently in its second edition. In addition, Professor Seyler has published articles in professional journals and popular magazines. She enjoys tennis, golf, and traveling, as well as writing about all three.
CONTENTSPrefaceSECTION 1CRITICAL READING AND ANALYSISChapter 1WRITERS AND
THEIR SOURCESReading, Writing, and the Contexts of ArgumentResponses to
SourcesAbraham Lincoln, "The Gettysburg Address" The Response to Content
The Analytic Response The Judgment or Evaluation Response The Research
ResponseDeborah Tannen, "Who Does the Talking Here?"Active Reading: Use
Your Mind! Guidelines for Active ReadingRichard Morin, "Political Ads and
the Voters They Attract"Understanding Your SourcesWriting Summaries
Guidelines for Writing SummariesAcknowledging Sources Informally References
to People References to SourcesJoel Achenbach, "The Future Is
Now"Presenting Direct Quotations: A Guide for Form and Style Reasons for
Using Quotation Marks A Brief Guide to QuotingFor Reading and Analysis Anna
Quindlen, "Turning the Page"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter 2
RESPONDING CRITICALLY TO SOURCESTraits of the Critical
Reader/ThinkerExamining the Rhetorical Context of a Source Who is the
Author? What type of source-or genre-is it? What Is the Author's Primary
Purpose? What Are the Author's Sources of Information?Analyzing the Style
of a Source Denotative and Connotative Word Choice Tone Sentence Structure
Metaphors Organization and Examples Repetition Hyperbole, Understatement,
and IronyQuotation Marks, Italics, and Capital LettersDave Barry, "In a
Battle of Wits with Kitchen Appliances, I'm Toast"Writing about Style
Understanding Your Purpose and Audience Planning the Essay Drafting the
Style Analysis A Checklist for RevisionEllen Goodman, "In Praise of a
Snail's Pace"Student Essay (on Goodman's essay)Analyzing Two or More
Sources Guidelines for Preparing a Contrast EssayThe Miami Herald, "Juan
Williams Fired for Comments"Patrik Jonsson, "Juan Williams Fired: Pitfalls
of the Insta-opinion Age"For Reading and AnalysisFiroozeh Dumas, "The F
Word"Catherine Getches, "Husband Hal"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingSECTION 2THE WORLD OF ARGUMENTChapter 3UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF
ARGUMENTCharacteristics of Argument Argument Is Conversation with a Goal
Argument Debates an Arguable Issue Argument Uses Reasons and Evidence
Argument Incorporates Values Argument Recognizes a Topic's ComplexityThe
Shape of Argument: What We Can Learn from Aristotle Ethos (About the
Writer/Speaker) Logos (About the Logic of the Argument) Pathos (About
Appeals to the Audience) Karios (About the Occasion or Situation)The
Language of Argument Facts Inferences JudgmentsSam Wang and Sandra Aamodt,
"Your Brain Lies to You"The Shape of Argument: What We Can Learn from
Toulmin Claims Grounds (or Data or Evidence) Warrants Backing Qualifiers
RebuttalsUsing Toulmin's Terms to Analyze ArgumentsLes Schobert, "Let the
Zoo's Elephants Go"Using Toulmin's Terms as a Guide to Organizing
ArgumentsFor DebateT. R. Reid, "Let My Teenager Drink" Joseph A. Califano,
Jr., 'Don't Make Teen Drinking Easier"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 4WRITING EFFECTIVE ARGUMENTSKnow Your Audience Who Is My
Audience? What Will My Audience Know about My Topic? Where Does My Audience
Stand on the Issue? How Should I Address My Audience?Understand Your
Writing Purpose What Type (Genre) of Work Am I Preparing? What Is My Goal?
Will the Rogerian or Conciliatory Approach Work for Me?Move from Topic to
Claim to Possible Support Selecting a Topic Drafting a Claim Listing
Possible Grounds Listing Grounds for the Other Side or Another Perspective
Planning the ApproachDraft Your Argument Guidelines for DraftingRevise Your
Draft Rewriting Editing A Few Words about Words and Tone Proofreading A
Checklist for RevisionFor Analysis and DebateSteven Pearlstein,
"Understanding the Costs of Rising Inequality"E.J. Dionne Jr., "Political
Stupidity, U.S. Style"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter
5READING, ANALYZING, AND USING VISUALS AND STATISTICS IN ARGUMENTResponding
to Visual ArgumentsReading GraphicsUnderstanding How Graphics
DifferGuidelines for Reading GraphicsExercisesThe Use of Authority and
StatisticsJudging AuthoritiesUnderstanding and Evaluating SourcesGuidelines
for Evaluating SourcesExercises Writing the Investigative ArgumentGathering
and Analyzing EvidencePlanning and Drafting the EssayGuidelines for Writing
an Investigative ArgumentAnalyzing Evidence: The Key to an Effective
ArgumentPreparing Graphics for Your EssayA Checklist for RevisionStudent
Essay: "Buying Time" by Garrett BergerFor Reading and AnalysisJoe Navarro,
"Every Body's Talking: Nonverbals Speak Loudly"Suggestions for Discussion
and WritingChapter 6LEARNING MORE ABOUT ARGUMENT: INDUCTION, DEDUCTION,
ANALOGY, AND LOGICAL FALLACIESInductionDeduction "The Declaration of
Independence"AnalogyZbigniew Brzezinski, "War and Football" Logical
Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies of Oversimplifying (Problems with
Logos) Fallacies of Avoiding the Issue (Problems with Ethos or Pathos)For
AnalysisElizabeth Cady Stanton, "Declaration of Sentiments"Neil de Grasse
Tyson, "Things People Say"SECTION 3STUDYING SOME ARGUMENTS BY GENREChapter
7DEFINITION ARGUMENTSDefining as Part of an ArgumentWhen Defining Is the
ArgumentStrategies for Developing an Extended DefinitionGuidelines for
Evaluating Definition ArgumentsPreparing a Definition ArgumentA Checklist
for RevisionStudent Essay: "Laura Mullins, "Paragon or Parasite?"For
Analysis and DebateSusan Jacoby, "Best Is the New Worst"Robin Givhan,
"Glamour, That Certain Something"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 8EVALUATION ARGUMENTSTypes of Evaluation ArgumentsGuidelines
for Analyzing an Evaluation ArgumentPreparing an Evaluation Argument A
Checklist for RevisionStudent Review: Ian Habel, "Winchester's Alchemy: Two
Men and a Book"Evaluating an Argument: The Rebuttal or Refutation Essay
Guidelines for Preparing a RefutationAnnotated Refutation: David Sadker,
"Gender Games"For Analysis and DebateRobert H. Bork, "Addicted to
Health"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter 9THE POSITION PAPER:
CLAIMS OF VALUECharacteristics of the Position PaperGuidelines for
Analyzing a Claim of ValuePreparing a Position PaperA Checklist for
RevisionFor Analysis and DebateRonald Bailey, "The Battle for Your Brain"
Martin Luther King, Jr., "I Have a Dream"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 10ARGUMENTS ABOUT CAUSECharacteristics of Causal
ArgumentsMill's Methods for Investigating CausesGuidelines for Analyzing
Causal ArgumentsPreparing a Causal ArgumentA Checklist for RevisionFor
Analysis and DebateLester C. Thurow, "Why Women Are Paid Less Than
Men"Tyler Cowen, "How Immigrants Create More Jobs"Suggestions for
Discussion and WritingChapter 11PRESENTING PROPOSALS: THE PROBLEM/SOLUTION
ARGUMENTCharacteristics of Problem/Solution ArgumentsGuidelines for
Analyzing Problem/Solution ArgumentsJames Q. Wilson, "A New Strategy for
the War on Drugs"Jonathan Swift, "A Modest Proposal"Suggestions for
Discussion and WritingSECTION 4THE RESEARCHED AND FORMALLY DOCUMENTED
ARGUMENTChapter 12LOCATING, EVALUATING, AND PREPARING TO USE
SOURCESSelecting a Good Topic What Type of Research Essay Am I Preparing?
Who Is My Audience? How Can I Select a Good Topic? What Kinds of Topics
Should I Avoid?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalPreparing a
Working Bibliography Basic Form for Books Basic Form for ArticlesLocating
Sources The Book Catalog The Reference Collection Electronic Databases The
Internet Field ResearchEvaluating Sources, Maintaining Credibility
Guidelines for Evaluating SourcesChapter 13WRITING THE RESEARCHED
ESSAYAvoiding Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Using Signal Phrases to
Avoid Misleading Readers Guidelines for Appropriately Using
SourcesOrganizing the PaperThe Formal OutlineDrafting the PaperRevising the
Paper: A ChecklistThe Completed PaperSample Student Research EssayChapter
14FORMAL DOCUMENTATION: MLA STYLE, APA STYLE OF DOCUMENTATIONMLA In-Text
(Parenthetical) DocumentationMLA Citations for a "Works Cited" PageAPA
In-Text DocumentationAPA Citations for a "References" PageSECTION 5A
COLLECTION OF READINGSChapter 15THE MEDIA: IMAGE AND REALITYDerrick
Speight, "Of Losers and Moles: You Think Reality TV Just Writes
Itself?")Howard Kurtz, "Press and Pund Stampede Tramples Good Judgment and
Often the Facts, Too"Jean Kilbourne, "In Your Face... All Over the
Place"Katherine Ellison, "What's Up, Doc? A Bloody Outrage, That's
What"Fred von Lohmann, "Copyright Silliness on Campus"Rebecca Davis
O'Brien, "The Social Network's Female Props"Chapter 16THE INTERNET AND
SOCIAL MEDIA: THEIR IMPACT ON OUR LIVESNicola Carr, "Is Google Making Us
Stupid?"Steven Pinker, "Mind over Mass Media"David Brooks, "The Medium Is
the Medium"Yasheng Huang, "Why Google Should Stay in China"Mona Eltahay,
"In Egypt Twitter Trumps Torture"Peggy Orenstein, "I Tweet, Therefore I
Am"
ENVIRONMENT: HOW DO WE COPE WITH CLIMAGE CHANGE?Michael Novacek, "The Sixth
Extinction: It Happened to him. It's Happening to You." David Fahrenthold,
"It's Natural to Behave Irrationally"Kristen Sheeran and Mindy Lubber, "The
Cost of Climate Inaction"Daniel Goleman, "How Marketplace Economics Can
Help Build a Greener World""Wecansolveit" adJames R. Lee, "Global Warming
Is Just the Tip of the Iceberg"Graeme Wood, "Moving Heaven and
Earth"Chapter 18SPORTS TALK-SPORTS BATTLESDonald Yee, "Show Them the
Money"Sally Jenkins, "Education, Athletics: The Odd Couple"Ruth Marcus,
"Privilege Unchecked in the U-Va. Case?"William Saletan, "The Beam in Your
Eye: If Steroids Are Cheating, Why Isn't LASIK?" Jordan Mamorsky, "Houston:
We Have a Problem"Tracee Hamilton, "It's Only a Letdown If You Expected
Something Better"Chapter 19 MARRIAGE AND GENDER ISSUES: THE DEBATES
CONTINUELinda Waite, "Socail Science Finds: Marriage Matters"Michael
Kinsley, "Abolish Marriage"Andrew Sullivan, "My Big Fat Straight
Wedding"Chong-Suk Ham, "Gay Asian-American Male Seeks Home"Naomi Cahn and
June Carbone, "5 Myths about Working Mothers"Jessica, Valenti, "For Women
in America, Equality Is Still an Illusion"Gloria Steinem, "Supremacy
Crimes"Chapter 20 EDUCATION IN AMERICA: PROBLEMS AT ALL LEVELSGretchen
Reynolds, "The Fittest BrainsGeorge Will, "A Daunting Children's
Divide"William Brock, Ray Marshall, and Marc Tucker, "10 Steps to
World-Class Schools"Richard Kalenberg, "5 Myths about Who Gets into
College"Ted Gup, "So Much for the Information Age"David Cole, "Laptops vs.
Learning"Chapter 21CENSORSHIP AND FREE SPEECH DEBATESKatha Pollitt, "Ground
Zero for Free Speech"Ken Dautrich and John Bare, "Why the First Amendment
(and Journalism) Might Be in Trouble"Anne Applebaum, "Chipping Away at Free
Speech"Doug Gansler, "Limits of Free Speech"Andrew J. McClurg, "Online
Lessons on Unprotected Sex"Daniel Greenberg, "Virtual Violence Is Free
Speech"Chapter 22 ETHICS AND THE LAW: CURRENT AND ENDURING DEBATESArthur
Kellerman, "Guns for Safety? Dream on, Scalia"Darius Rejali, "5 Myths about
Torture and Truth"Eugene Robinson, "First They Did Harm"Marianne Mollmann,
"Ending Impunity for Rape"Kathleen Parker, "Crush Animal Cruelty"Ruben
Navarette, Jr., "At the Cliff's Edge on Immigration"Chapter 23AMERICA:
EMBRACING THE FUTURE -- OR DIVIDED BY CONFLICT?Arthur C. Brooks, "The New
Culture War"Colbert King, "Faces We've Seen Before"Bob Hebert, "America Is
Better Than This"Jennifer Granholm, "The Cure for Public Anger"David
Kennedy, "Throwing the Bums Out for 140 Years"Virginia Postrel, "The Design
of Your Life"Kwame Anthony Appiah, "How the Future Will Judge Us"APPENDIX:
UNDERSTANDING LITERATUREGetting the Facts: Active Reading, Summary, and
ParaphrasePaul Lawrence Dunbar, "Promise"Kate Chopin, "The Story of an
Hour"Summary of "The Story of an Hour"William Shakespeare, "Sonnet
116"Paraphrase of "Sonnet 116"Seeing Connection: AnalysisAnalysis of
Narrative StructureAnalysis of CharacterAnalysis of Elements of Style and
ToneDrawing Conclusions: InterpretationWriting about LIreatureAndrew
Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress"Christopher Marlowe, "The Passionate Shepherd
to His Love"Sir Walter Raleigh, "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd"A.E.
Housman, "Is My Team Ploughing"Amy Lowell, "Taxi"Ursula K. Le Guin, "The
Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"Susan Glaspell, "Trifles"Sample Student
Literary AnalysisSuggestions for Discussion and Writing
THEIR SOURCESReading, Writing, and the Contexts of ArgumentResponses to
SourcesAbraham Lincoln, "The Gettysburg Address" The Response to Content
The Analytic Response The Judgment or Evaluation Response The Research
ResponseDeborah Tannen, "Who Does the Talking Here?"Active Reading: Use
Your Mind! Guidelines for Active ReadingRichard Morin, "Political Ads and
the Voters They Attract"Understanding Your SourcesWriting Summaries
Guidelines for Writing SummariesAcknowledging Sources Informally References
to People References to SourcesJoel Achenbach, "The Future Is
Now"Presenting Direct Quotations: A Guide for Form and Style Reasons for
Using Quotation Marks A Brief Guide to QuotingFor Reading and Analysis Anna
Quindlen, "Turning the Page"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter 2
RESPONDING CRITICALLY TO SOURCESTraits of the Critical
Reader/ThinkerExamining the Rhetorical Context of a Source Who is the
Author? What type of source-or genre-is it? What Is the Author's Primary
Purpose? What Are the Author's Sources of Information?Analyzing the Style
of a Source Denotative and Connotative Word Choice Tone Sentence Structure
Metaphors Organization and Examples Repetition Hyperbole, Understatement,
and IronyQuotation Marks, Italics, and Capital LettersDave Barry, "In a
Battle of Wits with Kitchen Appliances, I'm Toast"Writing about Style
Understanding Your Purpose and Audience Planning the Essay Drafting the
Style Analysis A Checklist for RevisionEllen Goodman, "In Praise of a
Snail's Pace"Student Essay (on Goodman's essay)Analyzing Two or More
Sources Guidelines for Preparing a Contrast EssayThe Miami Herald, "Juan
Williams Fired for Comments"Patrik Jonsson, "Juan Williams Fired: Pitfalls
of the Insta-opinion Age"For Reading and AnalysisFiroozeh Dumas, "The F
Word"Catherine Getches, "Husband Hal"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingSECTION 2THE WORLD OF ARGUMENTChapter 3UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF
ARGUMENTCharacteristics of Argument Argument Is Conversation with a Goal
Argument Debates an Arguable Issue Argument Uses Reasons and Evidence
Argument Incorporates Values Argument Recognizes a Topic's ComplexityThe
Shape of Argument: What We Can Learn from Aristotle Ethos (About the
Writer/Speaker) Logos (About the Logic of the Argument) Pathos (About
Appeals to the Audience) Karios (About the Occasion or Situation)The
Language of Argument Facts Inferences JudgmentsSam Wang and Sandra Aamodt,
"Your Brain Lies to You"The Shape of Argument: What We Can Learn from
Toulmin Claims Grounds (or Data or Evidence) Warrants Backing Qualifiers
RebuttalsUsing Toulmin's Terms to Analyze ArgumentsLes Schobert, "Let the
Zoo's Elephants Go"Using Toulmin's Terms as a Guide to Organizing
ArgumentsFor DebateT. R. Reid, "Let My Teenager Drink" Joseph A. Califano,
Jr., 'Don't Make Teen Drinking Easier"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 4WRITING EFFECTIVE ARGUMENTSKnow Your Audience Who Is My
Audience? What Will My Audience Know about My Topic? Where Does My Audience
Stand on the Issue? How Should I Address My Audience?Understand Your
Writing Purpose What Type (Genre) of Work Am I Preparing? What Is My Goal?
Will the Rogerian or Conciliatory Approach Work for Me?Move from Topic to
Claim to Possible Support Selecting a Topic Drafting a Claim Listing
Possible Grounds Listing Grounds for the Other Side or Another Perspective
Planning the ApproachDraft Your Argument Guidelines for DraftingRevise Your
Draft Rewriting Editing A Few Words about Words and Tone Proofreading A
Checklist for RevisionFor Analysis and DebateSteven Pearlstein,
"Understanding the Costs of Rising Inequality"E.J. Dionne Jr., "Political
Stupidity, U.S. Style"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter
5READING, ANALYZING, AND USING VISUALS AND STATISTICS IN ARGUMENTResponding
to Visual ArgumentsReading GraphicsUnderstanding How Graphics
DifferGuidelines for Reading GraphicsExercisesThe Use of Authority and
StatisticsJudging AuthoritiesUnderstanding and Evaluating SourcesGuidelines
for Evaluating SourcesExercises Writing the Investigative ArgumentGathering
and Analyzing EvidencePlanning and Drafting the EssayGuidelines for Writing
an Investigative ArgumentAnalyzing Evidence: The Key to an Effective
ArgumentPreparing Graphics for Your EssayA Checklist for RevisionStudent
Essay: "Buying Time" by Garrett BergerFor Reading and AnalysisJoe Navarro,
"Every Body's Talking: Nonverbals Speak Loudly"Suggestions for Discussion
and WritingChapter 6LEARNING MORE ABOUT ARGUMENT: INDUCTION, DEDUCTION,
ANALOGY, AND LOGICAL FALLACIESInductionDeduction "The Declaration of
Independence"AnalogyZbigniew Brzezinski, "War and Football" Logical
Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies of Oversimplifying (Problems with
Logos) Fallacies of Avoiding the Issue (Problems with Ethos or Pathos)For
AnalysisElizabeth Cady Stanton, "Declaration of Sentiments"Neil de Grasse
Tyson, "Things People Say"SECTION 3STUDYING SOME ARGUMENTS BY GENREChapter
7DEFINITION ARGUMENTSDefining as Part of an ArgumentWhen Defining Is the
ArgumentStrategies for Developing an Extended DefinitionGuidelines for
Evaluating Definition ArgumentsPreparing a Definition ArgumentA Checklist
for RevisionStudent Essay: "Laura Mullins, "Paragon or Parasite?"For
Analysis and DebateSusan Jacoby, "Best Is the New Worst"Robin Givhan,
"Glamour, That Certain Something"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 8EVALUATION ARGUMENTSTypes of Evaluation ArgumentsGuidelines
for Analyzing an Evaluation ArgumentPreparing an Evaluation Argument A
Checklist for RevisionStudent Review: Ian Habel, "Winchester's Alchemy: Two
Men and a Book"Evaluating an Argument: The Rebuttal or Refutation Essay
Guidelines for Preparing a RefutationAnnotated Refutation: David Sadker,
"Gender Games"For Analysis and DebateRobert H. Bork, "Addicted to
Health"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter 9THE POSITION PAPER:
CLAIMS OF VALUECharacteristics of the Position PaperGuidelines for
Analyzing a Claim of ValuePreparing a Position PaperA Checklist for
RevisionFor Analysis and DebateRonald Bailey, "The Battle for Your Brain"
Martin Luther King, Jr., "I Have a Dream"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 10ARGUMENTS ABOUT CAUSECharacteristics of Causal
ArgumentsMill's Methods for Investigating CausesGuidelines for Analyzing
Causal ArgumentsPreparing a Causal ArgumentA Checklist for RevisionFor
Analysis and DebateLester C. Thurow, "Why Women Are Paid Less Than
Men"Tyler Cowen, "How Immigrants Create More Jobs"Suggestions for
Discussion and WritingChapter 11PRESENTING PROPOSALS: THE PROBLEM/SOLUTION
ARGUMENTCharacteristics of Problem/Solution ArgumentsGuidelines for
Analyzing Problem/Solution ArgumentsJames Q. Wilson, "A New Strategy for
the War on Drugs"Jonathan Swift, "A Modest Proposal"Suggestions for
Discussion and WritingSECTION 4THE RESEARCHED AND FORMALLY DOCUMENTED
ARGUMENTChapter 12LOCATING, EVALUATING, AND PREPARING TO USE
SOURCESSelecting a Good Topic What Type of Research Essay Am I Preparing?
Who Is My Audience? How Can I Select a Good Topic? What Kinds of Topics
Should I Avoid?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalPreparing a
Working Bibliography Basic Form for Books Basic Form for ArticlesLocating
Sources The Book Catalog The Reference Collection Electronic Databases The
Internet Field ResearchEvaluating Sources, Maintaining Credibility
Guidelines for Evaluating SourcesChapter 13WRITING THE RESEARCHED
ESSAYAvoiding Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Using Signal Phrases to
Avoid Misleading Readers Guidelines for Appropriately Using
SourcesOrganizing the PaperThe Formal OutlineDrafting the PaperRevising the
Paper: A ChecklistThe Completed PaperSample Student Research EssayChapter
14FORMAL DOCUMENTATION: MLA STYLE, APA STYLE OF DOCUMENTATIONMLA In-Text
(Parenthetical) DocumentationMLA Citations for a "Works Cited" PageAPA
In-Text DocumentationAPA Citations for a "References" PageSECTION 5A
COLLECTION OF READINGSChapter 15THE MEDIA: IMAGE AND REALITYDerrick
Speight, "Of Losers and Moles: You Think Reality TV Just Writes
Itself?")Howard Kurtz, "Press and Pund Stampede Tramples Good Judgment and
Often the Facts, Too"Jean Kilbourne, "In Your Face... All Over the
Place"Katherine Ellison, "What's Up, Doc? A Bloody Outrage, That's
What"Fred von Lohmann, "Copyright Silliness on Campus"Rebecca Davis
O'Brien, "The Social Network's Female Props"Chapter 16THE INTERNET AND
SOCIAL MEDIA: THEIR IMPACT ON OUR LIVESNicola Carr, "Is Google Making Us
Stupid?"Steven Pinker, "Mind over Mass Media"David Brooks, "The Medium Is
the Medium"Yasheng Huang, "Why Google Should Stay in China"Mona Eltahay,
"In Egypt Twitter Trumps Torture"Peggy Orenstein, "I Tweet, Therefore I
Am"
ENVIRONMENT: HOW DO WE COPE WITH CLIMAGE CHANGE?Michael Novacek, "The Sixth
Extinction: It Happened to him. It's Happening to You." David Fahrenthold,
"It's Natural to Behave Irrationally"Kristen Sheeran and Mindy Lubber, "The
Cost of Climate Inaction"Daniel Goleman, "How Marketplace Economics Can
Help Build a Greener World""Wecansolveit" adJames R. Lee, "Global Warming
Is Just the Tip of the Iceberg"Graeme Wood, "Moving Heaven and
Earth"Chapter 18SPORTS TALK-SPORTS BATTLESDonald Yee, "Show Them the
Money"Sally Jenkins, "Education, Athletics: The Odd Couple"Ruth Marcus,
"Privilege Unchecked in the U-Va. Case?"William Saletan, "The Beam in Your
Eye: If Steroids Are Cheating, Why Isn't LASIK?" Jordan Mamorsky, "Houston:
We Have a Problem"Tracee Hamilton, "It's Only a Letdown If You Expected
Something Better"Chapter 19 MARRIAGE AND GENDER ISSUES: THE DEBATES
CONTINUELinda Waite, "Socail Science Finds: Marriage Matters"Michael
Kinsley, "Abolish Marriage"Andrew Sullivan, "My Big Fat Straight
Wedding"Chong-Suk Ham, "Gay Asian-American Male Seeks Home"Naomi Cahn and
June Carbone, "5 Myths about Working Mothers"Jessica, Valenti, "For Women
in America, Equality Is Still an Illusion"Gloria Steinem, "Supremacy
Crimes"Chapter 20 EDUCATION IN AMERICA: PROBLEMS AT ALL LEVELSGretchen
Reynolds, "The Fittest BrainsGeorge Will, "A Daunting Children's
Divide"William Brock, Ray Marshall, and Marc Tucker, "10 Steps to
World-Class Schools"Richard Kalenberg, "5 Myths about Who Gets into
College"Ted Gup, "So Much for the Information Age"David Cole, "Laptops vs.
Learning"Chapter 21CENSORSHIP AND FREE SPEECH DEBATESKatha Pollitt, "Ground
Zero for Free Speech"Ken Dautrich and John Bare, "Why the First Amendment
(and Journalism) Might Be in Trouble"Anne Applebaum, "Chipping Away at Free
Speech"Doug Gansler, "Limits of Free Speech"Andrew J. McClurg, "Online
Lessons on Unprotected Sex"Daniel Greenberg, "Virtual Violence Is Free
Speech"Chapter 22 ETHICS AND THE LAW: CURRENT AND ENDURING DEBATESArthur
Kellerman, "Guns for Safety? Dream on, Scalia"Darius Rejali, "5 Myths about
Torture and Truth"Eugene Robinson, "First They Did Harm"Marianne Mollmann,
"Ending Impunity for Rape"Kathleen Parker, "Crush Animal Cruelty"Ruben
Navarette, Jr., "At the Cliff's Edge on Immigration"Chapter 23AMERICA:
EMBRACING THE FUTURE -- OR DIVIDED BY CONFLICT?Arthur C. Brooks, "The New
Culture War"Colbert King, "Faces We've Seen Before"Bob Hebert, "America Is
Better Than This"Jennifer Granholm, "The Cure for Public Anger"David
Kennedy, "Throwing the Bums Out for 140 Years"Virginia Postrel, "The Design
of Your Life"Kwame Anthony Appiah, "How the Future Will Judge Us"APPENDIX:
UNDERSTANDING LITERATUREGetting the Facts: Active Reading, Summary, and
ParaphrasePaul Lawrence Dunbar, "Promise"Kate Chopin, "The Story of an
Hour"Summary of "The Story of an Hour"William Shakespeare, "Sonnet
116"Paraphrase of "Sonnet 116"Seeing Connection: AnalysisAnalysis of
Narrative StructureAnalysis of CharacterAnalysis of Elements of Style and
ToneDrawing Conclusions: InterpretationWriting about LIreatureAndrew
Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress"Christopher Marlowe, "The Passionate Shepherd
to His Love"Sir Walter Raleigh, "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd"A.E.
Housman, "Is My Team Ploughing"Amy Lowell, "Taxi"Ursula K. Le Guin, "The
Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"Susan Glaspell, "Trifles"Sample Student
Literary AnalysisSuggestions for Discussion and Writing
CONTENTSPrefaceSECTION 1CRITICAL READING AND ANALYSISChapter 1WRITERS AND
THEIR SOURCESReading, Writing, and the Contexts of ArgumentResponses to
SourcesAbraham Lincoln, "The Gettysburg Address" The Response to Content
The Analytic Response The Judgment or Evaluation Response The Research
ResponseDeborah Tannen, "Who Does the Talking Here?"Active Reading: Use
Your Mind! Guidelines for Active ReadingRichard Morin, "Political Ads and
the Voters They Attract"Understanding Your SourcesWriting Summaries
Guidelines for Writing SummariesAcknowledging Sources Informally References
to People References to SourcesJoel Achenbach, "The Future Is
Now"Presenting Direct Quotations: A Guide for Form and Style Reasons for
Using Quotation Marks A Brief Guide to QuotingFor Reading and Analysis Anna
Quindlen, "Turning the Page"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter 2
RESPONDING CRITICALLY TO SOURCESTraits of the Critical
Reader/ThinkerExamining the Rhetorical Context of a Source Who is the
Author? What type of source-or genre-is it? What Is the Author's Primary
Purpose? What Are the Author's Sources of Information?Analyzing the Style
of a Source Denotative and Connotative Word Choice Tone Sentence Structure
Metaphors Organization and Examples Repetition Hyperbole, Understatement,
and IronyQuotation Marks, Italics, and Capital LettersDave Barry, "In a
Battle of Wits with Kitchen Appliances, I'm Toast"Writing about Style
Understanding Your Purpose and Audience Planning the Essay Drafting the
Style Analysis A Checklist for RevisionEllen Goodman, "In Praise of a
Snail's Pace"Student Essay (on Goodman's essay)Analyzing Two or More
Sources Guidelines for Preparing a Contrast EssayThe Miami Herald, "Juan
Williams Fired for Comments"Patrik Jonsson, "Juan Williams Fired: Pitfalls
of the Insta-opinion Age"For Reading and AnalysisFiroozeh Dumas, "The F
Word"Catherine Getches, "Husband Hal"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingSECTION 2THE WORLD OF ARGUMENTChapter 3UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF
ARGUMENTCharacteristics of Argument Argument Is Conversation with a Goal
Argument Debates an Arguable Issue Argument Uses Reasons and Evidence
Argument Incorporates Values Argument Recognizes a Topic's ComplexityThe
Shape of Argument: What We Can Learn from Aristotle Ethos (About the
Writer/Speaker) Logos (About the Logic of the Argument) Pathos (About
Appeals to the Audience) Karios (About the Occasion or Situation)The
Language of Argument Facts Inferences JudgmentsSam Wang and Sandra Aamodt,
"Your Brain Lies to You"The Shape of Argument: What We Can Learn from
Toulmin Claims Grounds (or Data or Evidence) Warrants Backing Qualifiers
RebuttalsUsing Toulmin's Terms to Analyze ArgumentsLes Schobert, "Let the
Zoo's Elephants Go"Using Toulmin's Terms as a Guide to Organizing
ArgumentsFor DebateT. R. Reid, "Let My Teenager Drink" Joseph A. Califano,
Jr., 'Don't Make Teen Drinking Easier"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 4WRITING EFFECTIVE ARGUMENTSKnow Your Audience Who Is My
Audience? What Will My Audience Know about My Topic? Where Does My Audience
Stand on the Issue? How Should I Address My Audience?Understand Your
Writing Purpose What Type (Genre) of Work Am I Preparing? What Is My Goal?
Will the Rogerian or Conciliatory Approach Work for Me?Move from Topic to
Claim to Possible Support Selecting a Topic Drafting a Claim Listing
Possible Grounds Listing Grounds for the Other Side or Another Perspective
Planning the ApproachDraft Your Argument Guidelines for DraftingRevise Your
Draft Rewriting Editing A Few Words about Words and Tone Proofreading A
Checklist for RevisionFor Analysis and DebateSteven Pearlstein,
"Understanding the Costs of Rising Inequality"E.J. Dionne Jr., "Political
Stupidity, U.S. Style"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter
5READING, ANALYZING, AND USING VISUALS AND STATISTICS IN ARGUMENTResponding
to Visual ArgumentsReading GraphicsUnderstanding How Graphics
DifferGuidelines for Reading GraphicsExercisesThe Use of Authority and
StatisticsJudging AuthoritiesUnderstanding and Evaluating SourcesGuidelines
for Evaluating SourcesExercises Writing the Investigative ArgumentGathering
and Analyzing EvidencePlanning and Drafting the EssayGuidelines for Writing
an Investigative ArgumentAnalyzing Evidence: The Key to an Effective
ArgumentPreparing Graphics for Your EssayA Checklist for RevisionStudent
Essay: "Buying Time" by Garrett BergerFor Reading and AnalysisJoe Navarro,
"Every Body's Talking: Nonverbals Speak Loudly"Suggestions for Discussion
and WritingChapter 6LEARNING MORE ABOUT ARGUMENT: INDUCTION, DEDUCTION,
ANALOGY, AND LOGICAL FALLACIESInductionDeduction "The Declaration of
Independence"AnalogyZbigniew Brzezinski, "War and Football" Logical
Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies of Oversimplifying (Problems with
Logos) Fallacies of Avoiding the Issue (Problems with Ethos or Pathos)For
AnalysisElizabeth Cady Stanton, "Declaration of Sentiments"Neil de Grasse
Tyson, "Things People Say"SECTION 3STUDYING SOME ARGUMENTS BY GENREChapter
7DEFINITION ARGUMENTSDefining as Part of an ArgumentWhen Defining Is the
ArgumentStrategies for Developing an Extended DefinitionGuidelines for
Evaluating Definition ArgumentsPreparing a Definition ArgumentA Checklist
for RevisionStudent Essay: "Laura Mullins, "Paragon or Parasite?"For
Analysis and DebateSusan Jacoby, "Best Is the New Worst"Robin Givhan,
"Glamour, That Certain Something"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 8EVALUATION ARGUMENTSTypes of Evaluation ArgumentsGuidelines
for Analyzing an Evaluation ArgumentPreparing an Evaluation Argument A
Checklist for RevisionStudent Review: Ian Habel, "Winchester's Alchemy: Two
Men and a Book"Evaluating an Argument: The Rebuttal or Refutation Essay
Guidelines for Preparing a RefutationAnnotated Refutation: David Sadker,
"Gender Games"For Analysis and DebateRobert H. Bork, "Addicted to
Health"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter 9THE POSITION PAPER:
CLAIMS OF VALUECharacteristics of the Position PaperGuidelines for
Analyzing a Claim of ValuePreparing a Position PaperA Checklist for
RevisionFor Analysis and DebateRonald Bailey, "The Battle for Your Brain"
Martin Luther King, Jr., "I Have a Dream"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 10ARGUMENTS ABOUT CAUSECharacteristics of Causal
ArgumentsMill's Methods for Investigating CausesGuidelines for Analyzing
Causal ArgumentsPreparing a Causal ArgumentA Checklist for RevisionFor
Analysis and DebateLester C. Thurow, "Why Women Are Paid Less Than
Men"Tyler Cowen, "How Immigrants Create More Jobs"Suggestions for
Discussion and WritingChapter 11PRESENTING PROPOSALS: THE PROBLEM/SOLUTION
ARGUMENTCharacteristics of Problem/Solution ArgumentsGuidelines for
Analyzing Problem/Solution ArgumentsJames Q. Wilson, "A New Strategy for
the War on Drugs"Jonathan Swift, "A Modest Proposal"Suggestions for
Discussion and WritingSECTION 4THE RESEARCHED AND FORMALLY DOCUMENTED
ARGUMENTChapter 12LOCATING, EVALUATING, AND PREPARING TO USE
SOURCESSelecting a Good Topic What Type of Research Essay Am I Preparing?
Who Is My Audience? How Can I Select a Good Topic? What Kinds of Topics
Should I Avoid?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalPreparing a
Working Bibliography Basic Form for Books Basic Form for ArticlesLocating
Sources The Book Catalog The Reference Collection Electronic Databases The
Internet Field ResearchEvaluating Sources, Maintaining Credibility
Guidelines for Evaluating SourcesChapter 13WRITING THE RESEARCHED
ESSAYAvoiding Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Using Signal Phrases to
Avoid Misleading Readers Guidelines for Appropriately Using
SourcesOrganizing the PaperThe Formal OutlineDrafting the PaperRevising the
Paper: A ChecklistThe Completed PaperSample Student Research EssayChapter
14FORMAL DOCUMENTATION: MLA STYLE, APA STYLE OF DOCUMENTATIONMLA In-Text
(Parenthetical) DocumentationMLA Citations for a "Works Cited" PageAPA
In-Text DocumentationAPA Citations for a "References" PageSECTION 5A
COLLECTION OF READINGSChapter 15THE MEDIA: IMAGE AND REALITYDerrick
Speight, "Of Losers and Moles: You Think Reality TV Just Writes
Itself?")Howard Kurtz, "Press and Pund Stampede Tramples Good Judgment and
Often the Facts, Too"Jean Kilbourne, "In Your Face... All Over the
Place"Katherine Ellison, "What's Up, Doc? A Bloody Outrage, That's
What"Fred von Lohmann, "Copyright Silliness on Campus"Rebecca Davis
O'Brien, "The Social Network's Female Props"Chapter 16THE INTERNET AND
SOCIAL MEDIA: THEIR IMPACT ON OUR LIVESNicola Carr, "Is Google Making Us
Stupid?"Steven Pinker, "Mind over Mass Media"David Brooks, "The Medium Is
the Medium"Yasheng Huang, "Why Google Should Stay in China"Mona Eltahay,
"In Egypt Twitter Trumps Torture"Peggy Orenstein, "I Tweet, Therefore I
Am"
ENVIRONMENT: HOW DO WE COPE WITH CLIMAGE CHANGE?Michael Novacek, "The Sixth
Extinction: It Happened to him. It's Happening to You." David Fahrenthold,
"It's Natural to Behave Irrationally"Kristen Sheeran and Mindy Lubber, "The
Cost of Climate Inaction"Daniel Goleman, "How Marketplace Economics Can
Help Build a Greener World""Wecansolveit" adJames R. Lee, "Global Warming
Is Just the Tip of the Iceberg"Graeme Wood, "Moving Heaven and
Earth"Chapter 18SPORTS TALK-SPORTS BATTLESDonald Yee, "Show Them the
Money"Sally Jenkins, "Education, Athletics: The Odd Couple"Ruth Marcus,
"Privilege Unchecked in the U-Va. Case?"William Saletan, "The Beam in Your
Eye: If Steroids Are Cheating, Why Isn't LASIK?" Jordan Mamorsky, "Houston:
We Have a Problem"Tracee Hamilton, "It's Only a Letdown If You Expected
Something Better"Chapter 19 MARRIAGE AND GENDER ISSUES: THE DEBATES
CONTINUELinda Waite, "Socail Science Finds: Marriage Matters"Michael
Kinsley, "Abolish Marriage"Andrew Sullivan, "My Big Fat Straight
Wedding"Chong-Suk Ham, "Gay Asian-American Male Seeks Home"Naomi Cahn and
June Carbone, "5 Myths about Working Mothers"Jessica, Valenti, "For Women
in America, Equality Is Still an Illusion"Gloria Steinem, "Supremacy
Crimes"Chapter 20 EDUCATION IN AMERICA: PROBLEMS AT ALL LEVELSGretchen
Reynolds, "The Fittest BrainsGeorge Will, "A Daunting Children's
Divide"William Brock, Ray Marshall, and Marc Tucker, "10 Steps to
World-Class Schools"Richard Kalenberg, "5 Myths about Who Gets into
College"Ted Gup, "So Much for the Information Age"David Cole, "Laptops vs.
Learning"Chapter 21CENSORSHIP AND FREE SPEECH DEBATESKatha Pollitt, "Ground
Zero for Free Speech"Ken Dautrich and John Bare, "Why the First Amendment
(and Journalism) Might Be in Trouble"Anne Applebaum, "Chipping Away at Free
Speech"Doug Gansler, "Limits of Free Speech"Andrew J. McClurg, "Online
Lessons on Unprotected Sex"Daniel Greenberg, "Virtual Violence Is Free
Speech"Chapter 22 ETHICS AND THE LAW: CURRENT AND ENDURING DEBATESArthur
Kellerman, "Guns for Safety? Dream on, Scalia"Darius Rejali, "5 Myths about
Torture and Truth"Eugene Robinson, "First They Did Harm"Marianne Mollmann,
"Ending Impunity for Rape"Kathleen Parker, "Crush Animal Cruelty"Ruben
Navarette, Jr., "At the Cliff's Edge on Immigration"Chapter 23AMERICA:
EMBRACING THE FUTURE -- OR DIVIDED BY CONFLICT?Arthur C. Brooks, "The New
Culture War"Colbert King, "Faces We've Seen Before"Bob Hebert, "America Is
Better Than This"Jennifer Granholm, "The Cure for Public Anger"David
Kennedy, "Throwing the Bums Out for 140 Years"Virginia Postrel, "The Design
of Your Life"Kwame Anthony Appiah, "How the Future Will Judge Us"APPENDIX:
UNDERSTANDING LITERATUREGetting the Facts: Active Reading, Summary, and
ParaphrasePaul Lawrence Dunbar, "Promise"Kate Chopin, "The Story of an
Hour"Summary of "The Story of an Hour"William Shakespeare, "Sonnet
116"Paraphrase of "Sonnet 116"Seeing Connection: AnalysisAnalysis of
Narrative StructureAnalysis of CharacterAnalysis of Elements of Style and
ToneDrawing Conclusions: InterpretationWriting about LIreatureAndrew
Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress"Christopher Marlowe, "The Passionate Shepherd
to His Love"Sir Walter Raleigh, "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd"A.E.
Housman, "Is My Team Ploughing"Amy Lowell, "Taxi"Ursula K. Le Guin, "The
Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"Susan Glaspell, "Trifles"Sample Student
Literary AnalysisSuggestions for Discussion and Writing
THEIR SOURCESReading, Writing, and the Contexts of ArgumentResponses to
SourcesAbraham Lincoln, "The Gettysburg Address" The Response to Content
The Analytic Response The Judgment or Evaluation Response The Research
ResponseDeborah Tannen, "Who Does the Talking Here?"Active Reading: Use
Your Mind! Guidelines for Active ReadingRichard Morin, "Political Ads and
the Voters They Attract"Understanding Your SourcesWriting Summaries
Guidelines for Writing SummariesAcknowledging Sources Informally References
to People References to SourcesJoel Achenbach, "The Future Is
Now"Presenting Direct Quotations: A Guide for Form and Style Reasons for
Using Quotation Marks A Brief Guide to QuotingFor Reading and Analysis Anna
Quindlen, "Turning the Page"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter 2
RESPONDING CRITICALLY TO SOURCESTraits of the Critical
Reader/ThinkerExamining the Rhetorical Context of a Source Who is the
Author? What type of source-or genre-is it? What Is the Author's Primary
Purpose? What Are the Author's Sources of Information?Analyzing the Style
of a Source Denotative and Connotative Word Choice Tone Sentence Structure
Metaphors Organization and Examples Repetition Hyperbole, Understatement,
and IronyQuotation Marks, Italics, and Capital LettersDave Barry, "In a
Battle of Wits with Kitchen Appliances, I'm Toast"Writing about Style
Understanding Your Purpose and Audience Planning the Essay Drafting the
Style Analysis A Checklist for RevisionEllen Goodman, "In Praise of a
Snail's Pace"Student Essay (on Goodman's essay)Analyzing Two or More
Sources Guidelines for Preparing a Contrast EssayThe Miami Herald, "Juan
Williams Fired for Comments"Patrik Jonsson, "Juan Williams Fired: Pitfalls
of the Insta-opinion Age"For Reading and AnalysisFiroozeh Dumas, "The F
Word"Catherine Getches, "Husband Hal"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingSECTION 2THE WORLD OF ARGUMENTChapter 3UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF
ARGUMENTCharacteristics of Argument Argument Is Conversation with a Goal
Argument Debates an Arguable Issue Argument Uses Reasons and Evidence
Argument Incorporates Values Argument Recognizes a Topic's ComplexityThe
Shape of Argument: What We Can Learn from Aristotle Ethos (About the
Writer/Speaker) Logos (About the Logic of the Argument) Pathos (About
Appeals to the Audience) Karios (About the Occasion or Situation)The
Language of Argument Facts Inferences JudgmentsSam Wang and Sandra Aamodt,
"Your Brain Lies to You"The Shape of Argument: What We Can Learn from
Toulmin Claims Grounds (or Data or Evidence) Warrants Backing Qualifiers
RebuttalsUsing Toulmin's Terms to Analyze ArgumentsLes Schobert, "Let the
Zoo's Elephants Go"Using Toulmin's Terms as a Guide to Organizing
ArgumentsFor DebateT. R. Reid, "Let My Teenager Drink" Joseph A. Califano,
Jr., 'Don't Make Teen Drinking Easier"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 4WRITING EFFECTIVE ARGUMENTSKnow Your Audience Who Is My
Audience? What Will My Audience Know about My Topic? Where Does My Audience
Stand on the Issue? How Should I Address My Audience?Understand Your
Writing Purpose What Type (Genre) of Work Am I Preparing? What Is My Goal?
Will the Rogerian or Conciliatory Approach Work for Me?Move from Topic to
Claim to Possible Support Selecting a Topic Drafting a Claim Listing
Possible Grounds Listing Grounds for the Other Side or Another Perspective
Planning the ApproachDraft Your Argument Guidelines for DraftingRevise Your
Draft Rewriting Editing A Few Words about Words and Tone Proofreading A
Checklist for RevisionFor Analysis and DebateSteven Pearlstein,
"Understanding the Costs of Rising Inequality"E.J. Dionne Jr., "Political
Stupidity, U.S. Style"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter
5READING, ANALYZING, AND USING VISUALS AND STATISTICS IN ARGUMENTResponding
to Visual ArgumentsReading GraphicsUnderstanding How Graphics
DifferGuidelines for Reading GraphicsExercisesThe Use of Authority and
StatisticsJudging AuthoritiesUnderstanding and Evaluating SourcesGuidelines
for Evaluating SourcesExercises Writing the Investigative ArgumentGathering
and Analyzing EvidencePlanning and Drafting the EssayGuidelines for Writing
an Investigative ArgumentAnalyzing Evidence: The Key to an Effective
ArgumentPreparing Graphics for Your EssayA Checklist for RevisionStudent
Essay: "Buying Time" by Garrett BergerFor Reading and AnalysisJoe Navarro,
"Every Body's Talking: Nonverbals Speak Loudly"Suggestions for Discussion
and WritingChapter 6LEARNING MORE ABOUT ARGUMENT: INDUCTION, DEDUCTION,
ANALOGY, AND LOGICAL FALLACIESInductionDeduction "The Declaration of
Independence"AnalogyZbigniew Brzezinski, "War and Football" Logical
Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies of Oversimplifying (Problems with
Logos) Fallacies of Avoiding the Issue (Problems with Ethos or Pathos)For
AnalysisElizabeth Cady Stanton, "Declaration of Sentiments"Neil de Grasse
Tyson, "Things People Say"SECTION 3STUDYING SOME ARGUMENTS BY GENREChapter
7DEFINITION ARGUMENTSDefining as Part of an ArgumentWhen Defining Is the
ArgumentStrategies for Developing an Extended DefinitionGuidelines for
Evaluating Definition ArgumentsPreparing a Definition ArgumentA Checklist
for RevisionStudent Essay: "Laura Mullins, "Paragon or Parasite?"For
Analysis and DebateSusan Jacoby, "Best Is the New Worst"Robin Givhan,
"Glamour, That Certain Something"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 8EVALUATION ARGUMENTSTypes of Evaluation ArgumentsGuidelines
for Analyzing an Evaluation ArgumentPreparing an Evaluation Argument A
Checklist for RevisionStudent Review: Ian Habel, "Winchester's Alchemy: Two
Men and a Book"Evaluating an Argument: The Rebuttal or Refutation Essay
Guidelines for Preparing a RefutationAnnotated Refutation: David Sadker,
"Gender Games"For Analysis and DebateRobert H. Bork, "Addicted to
Health"Suggestions for Discussion and WritingChapter 9THE POSITION PAPER:
CLAIMS OF VALUECharacteristics of the Position PaperGuidelines for
Analyzing a Claim of ValuePreparing a Position PaperA Checklist for
RevisionFor Analysis and DebateRonald Bailey, "The Battle for Your Brain"
Martin Luther King, Jr., "I Have a Dream"Suggestions for Discussion and
WritingChapter 10ARGUMENTS ABOUT CAUSECharacteristics of Causal
ArgumentsMill's Methods for Investigating CausesGuidelines for Analyzing
Causal ArgumentsPreparing a Causal ArgumentA Checklist for RevisionFor
Analysis and DebateLester C. Thurow, "Why Women Are Paid Less Than
Men"Tyler Cowen, "How Immigrants Create More Jobs"Suggestions for
Discussion and WritingChapter 11PRESENTING PROPOSALS: THE PROBLEM/SOLUTION
ARGUMENTCharacteristics of Problem/Solution ArgumentsGuidelines for
Analyzing Problem/Solution ArgumentsJames Q. Wilson, "A New Strategy for
the War on Drugs"Jonathan Swift, "A Modest Proposal"Suggestions for
Discussion and WritingSECTION 4THE RESEARCHED AND FORMALLY DOCUMENTED
ARGUMENTChapter 12LOCATING, EVALUATING, AND PREPARING TO USE
SOURCESSelecting a Good Topic What Type of Research Essay Am I Preparing?
Who Is My Audience? How Can I Select a Good Topic? What Kinds of Topics
Should I Avoid?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalPreparing a
Working Bibliography Basic Form for Books Basic Form for ArticlesLocating
Sources The Book Catalog The Reference Collection Electronic Databases The
Internet Field ResearchEvaluating Sources, Maintaining Credibility
Guidelines for Evaluating SourcesChapter 13WRITING THE RESEARCHED
ESSAYAvoiding Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Using Signal Phrases to
Avoid Misleading Readers Guidelines for Appropriately Using
SourcesOrganizing the PaperThe Formal OutlineDrafting the PaperRevising the
Paper: A ChecklistThe Completed PaperSample Student Research EssayChapter
14FORMAL DOCUMENTATION: MLA STYLE, APA STYLE OF DOCUMENTATIONMLA In-Text
(Parenthetical) DocumentationMLA Citations for a "Works Cited" PageAPA
In-Text DocumentationAPA Citations for a "References" PageSECTION 5A
COLLECTION OF READINGSChapter 15THE MEDIA: IMAGE AND REALITYDerrick
Speight, "Of Losers and Moles: You Think Reality TV Just Writes
Itself?")Howard Kurtz, "Press and Pund Stampede Tramples Good Judgment and
Often the Facts, Too"Jean Kilbourne, "In Your Face... All Over the
Place"Katherine Ellison, "What's Up, Doc? A Bloody Outrage, That's
What"Fred von Lohmann, "Copyright Silliness on Campus"Rebecca Davis
O'Brien, "The Social Network's Female Props"Chapter 16THE INTERNET AND
SOCIAL MEDIA: THEIR IMPACT ON OUR LIVESNicola Carr, "Is Google Making Us
Stupid?"Steven Pinker, "Mind over Mass Media"David Brooks, "The Medium Is
the Medium"Yasheng Huang, "Why Google Should Stay in China"Mona Eltahay,
"In Egypt Twitter Trumps Torture"Peggy Orenstein, "I Tweet, Therefore I
Am"
ENVIRONMENT: HOW DO WE COPE WITH CLIMAGE CHANGE?Michael Novacek, "The Sixth
Extinction: It Happened to him. It's Happening to You." David Fahrenthold,
"It's Natural to Behave Irrationally"Kristen Sheeran and Mindy Lubber, "The
Cost of Climate Inaction"Daniel Goleman, "How Marketplace Economics Can
Help Build a Greener World""Wecansolveit" adJames R. Lee, "Global Warming
Is Just the Tip of the Iceberg"Graeme Wood, "Moving Heaven and
Earth"Chapter 18SPORTS TALK-SPORTS BATTLESDonald Yee, "Show Them the
Money"Sally Jenkins, "Education, Athletics: The Odd Couple"Ruth Marcus,
"Privilege Unchecked in the U-Va. Case?"William Saletan, "The Beam in Your
Eye: If Steroids Are Cheating, Why Isn't LASIK?" Jordan Mamorsky, "Houston:
We Have a Problem"Tracee Hamilton, "It's Only a Letdown If You Expected
Something Better"Chapter 19 MARRIAGE AND GENDER ISSUES: THE DEBATES
CONTINUELinda Waite, "Socail Science Finds: Marriage Matters"Michael
Kinsley, "Abolish Marriage"Andrew Sullivan, "My Big Fat Straight
Wedding"Chong-Suk Ham, "Gay Asian-American Male Seeks Home"Naomi Cahn and
June Carbone, "5 Myths about Working Mothers"Jessica, Valenti, "For Women
in America, Equality Is Still an Illusion"Gloria Steinem, "Supremacy
Crimes"Chapter 20 EDUCATION IN AMERICA: PROBLEMS AT ALL LEVELSGretchen
Reynolds, "The Fittest BrainsGeorge Will, "A Daunting Children's
Divide"William Brock, Ray Marshall, and Marc Tucker, "10 Steps to
World-Class Schools"Richard Kalenberg, "5 Myths about Who Gets into
College"Ted Gup, "So Much for the Information Age"David Cole, "Laptops vs.
Learning"Chapter 21CENSORSHIP AND FREE SPEECH DEBATESKatha Pollitt, "Ground
Zero for Free Speech"Ken Dautrich and John Bare, "Why the First Amendment
(and Journalism) Might Be in Trouble"Anne Applebaum, "Chipping Away at Free
Speech"Doug Gansler, "Limits of Free Speech"Andrew J. McClurg, "Online
Lessons on Unprotected Sex"Daniel Greenberg, "Virtual Violence Is Free
Speech"Chapter 22 ETHICS AND THE LAW: CURRENT AND ENDURING DEBATESArthur
Kellerman, "Guns for Safety? Dream on, Scalia"Darius Rejali, "5 Myths about
Torture and Truth"Eugene Robinson, "First They Did Harm"Marianne Mollmann,
"Ending Impunity for Rape"Kathleen Parker, "Crush Animal Cruelty"Ruben
Navarette, Jr., "At the Cliff's Edge on Immigration"Chapter 23AMERICA:
EMBRACING THE FUTURE -- OR DIVIDED BY CONFLICT?Arthur C. Brooks, "The New
Culture War"Colbert King, "Faces We've Seen Before"Bob Hebert, "America Is
Better Than This"Jennifer Granholm, "The Cure for Public Anger"David
Kennedy, "Throwing the Bums Out for 140 Years"Virginia Postrel, "The Design
of Your Life"Kwame Anthony Appiah, "How the Future Will Judge Us"APPENDIX:
UNDERSTANDING LITERATUREGetting the Facts: Active Reading, Summary, and
ParaphrasePaul Lawrence Dunbar, "Promise"Kate Chopin, "The Story of an
Hour"Summary of "The Story of an Hour"William Shakespeare, "Sonnet
116"Paraphrase of "Sonnet 116"Seeing Connection: AnalysisAnalysis of
Narrative StructureAnalysis of CharacterAnalysis of Elements of Style and
ToneDrawing Conclusions: InterpretationWriting about LIreatureAndrew
Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress"Christopher Marlowe, "The Passionate Shepherd
to His Love"Sir Walter Raleigh, "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd"A.E.
Housman, "Is My Team Ploughing"Amy Lowell, "Taxi"Ursula K. Le Guin, "The
Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"Susan Glaspell, "Trifles"Sample Student
Literary AnalysisSuggestions for Discussion and Writing