Colour is a vital constituent of an object and can be said to be one of the first characteristics of an object perceived by the senses. The awareness of toxicity of the synthetic colours is on the increase, thereby giving rise to demand for pigments from natural sources. Microbial pigments are a promising alternative to other colour additives extracted from plants as they are considered natural, pose no seasonal production problems and show high productivity. This book provides a detailed study on some microbial pigments production and demonstrates the potentials of the produced pigments for application in textile industry. Also, method of strain improvement for microbial products is provided. By the development of new strains, production cost is reduced as a result of increased productivity. Information on generation of new strains from the wild type by mutagenesis with statistically enhanced productivity is provided in the book. The book also supplies the genetic sequences of mutated strains in comparison with the wild type. This work will be a ready and useful tool for researchers and students in the area of Biotechnology, Molecular and Environmental Microbiology studies.