Géry De Saxcé, Claude Valleé

Galilean Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Continua

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This title proposes a unified approach to continuum mechanics which is consistent with Galilean relativity. Based on the notion of affine tensors, a simple generalization of the classical tensors, this approach allows gathering the usual mechanical entities . mass, energy, force, moment, stresses, linear and angular momentum . in a single tensor. Starting with the basic subjects, and continuing through to the most advanced topics, the authors' presentation is progressive, inductive and bottom-up. They begin with the concept of an affine tensor, a natural extension of the classical tensors. The simplest types of affine tensors are the points of an affine space and the affine functions on this space, but there are more complex ones which are relevant for mechanics . torsors and momenta. The essential point is to derive the balance equations of a continuum from a unique principle which claims that these tensors are affine-divergence free.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons / Wiley
• Seitenzahl: 448
• Erscheinungstermin: 8. Februar 2016
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 29mm
• Gewicht: 836g
• ISBN-13: 9781848216426
• ISBN-10: 1848216424
• Artikelnr.: 41126686

Autorenporträt

Géry de Saxcé is Professor at Lille 1 University - Science and Technology, France.

Inhaltsangabe

Foreword xiii Introduction xxi Part 1. Particles and Rigid Bodies 1 Chapter
1. Galileo's Principle of Relativity 3 1.1. Events and space-time 3 1.2.
Event coordinates 3 1.2.1. When? 3 1.2.2. Where? 4 1.3. Galilean
transformations 6 1.3.1. Uniform straight motion 6 1.3.2. Principle of
relativity 9 1.3.3. Space-time structure and velocity addition 10 1.3.4.
Organizing the calculus 11 1.3.5. About the units of measurement 12 1.4.
Comments for experts 14 Chapter 2. Statics 15 2.1. Introduction 15 2.2.
Statical torsor 16 2.2.1. Two-dimensional model 16 2.2.2. Three-dimensional
model 17 2.2.3. Statical torsor and transport law of the moment 18 2.3.
Statics equilibrium 20 2.3.1. Resultant torsor 20 2.3.2. Free body diagram
and balance equation 20 2.3.3. External and internal forces 23 2.4.
Comments for experts 25 Chapter 3. Dynamics of Particles 27 3.1. Dynamical
torsor 27 3.1.1. Transformation law and invariants 27 3.1.2. Boost method
30 3.2. Rigid body motions 32 3.2.1. Rotations 32 3.2.2. Rigid motions 34
3.3. Galilean gravitation 36 3.3.1. How to model the gravitational forces?
36 3.3.2. Gravitation 38 3.3.3. Galilean gravitation and equation of motion
40 3.3.4. Transformation laws of the gravitation and acceleration 42 3.4.
Newtonian gravitation 46 3.5. Other forces 51 3.5.1. General equation of
motion 51 3.5.2. Foucault's pendulum 52 3.5.3. Thrust 55 3.6. Comments for
experts 56 Chapter 4. Statics of Arches, Cables and Beams 57 4.1. Statics
of arches 57 4.1.1. Modeling of slender bodies 57 4.1.2. Local equilibrium
equations of arches 59 4.1.3. Corotational equilibrium equations of arches
62 4.1.4. Equilibrium equations of arches in Fresnet's moving frame 63 4.2.
Statics of cables 67 4.3. Statics of trusses and beams 69 4.3.1. Traction
of trusses 69 4.3.2. Bending of beams 71 Chapter 5. Dynamics of Rigid
Bodies 75 5.1. Kinetic co-torsor 75 5.1.1. Lagrangian coordinates 75 5.1.2.
Eulerian coordinates 76 5.1.3. Co-torsor 76 5.2. Dynamical torsor 80 5.2.1.
Total mass and mass-center 80 5.2.2. The rigid body as a particle 81 5.2.3.
The moment of inertia matrix 84 5.2.4. Kinetic energy of a body 87 5.3.
Generalized equations of motion 88 5.3.1. Resultant torsor of the other
forces 88 5.3.2. Transformation laws 89 5.3.3. Equations of motion of a
rigid body 91 5.4. Motion of a free rigid body around it 93 5.5. Motion of
a rigid body with a contact point (Lagrange's top) 95 5.6. Comments for
experts 103 Chapter 6. Calculus of Variations 105 6.1. Introduction 105
6.2. Particle subjected to the Galilean gravitation 109 6.2.1. Guessing the
Lagrangian expression 109 6.2.2. The potentials of the Galilean gravitation
110 6.2.3. Transformation law of the potentials of the gravitation 113
6.2.4. How to manage holonomic constraints? 116 Chapter 7. Elementary
Mathematical Tools 117 7.1. Maps 117 7.2. Matrix calculus 118 7.2.1.
Columns 118 7.2.2. Rows 119 7.2.3. Matrices 120 7.2.4. Block matrix 124
7.3. Vector calculus in R3 125 7.4. Linear algebra 127 7.4.1. Linear space
127 7.4.2. Linear form 129 7.4.3. Linear map 130 7.5. Affine geometry 132
7.6. Limit and continuity 135 7.7. Derivative 136 7.8. Partial derivative
136 7.9. Vector analysis 137 7.9.1. Gradient 137 7.9.2. Divergence 139
7.9.3. Vector analysis in R3 and curl 139 Part 2. Continuous Media 141
Chapter 8. Statics of 3D Continua 143 8.1. Stresses 143 8.1.1. Stress
tensor 143 8.1.2. Local equilibrium equations 148 8.2. Torsors 150 8.2.1.
Continuum torsor 150 8.2.2. Cauchy's continuum 153 8.3. Invariants of the
stress tensor 155 Chapter 9. Elasticity and Elementary Theory of Beams 157
9.1. Strains 157 9.2. Internal work and power 162 9.3. Linear elasticity
164 9.3.1. Hooke's law 164 9.3.2. Isotropic materials 166 9.3.3. Elasticity
problems 170 9.4. Elementary theory of elastic trusses and beams 171 9.4.1.
Multiscale analysis: from the beam to the elementary volume 171 9.4.2.
Transversely rigid body model 176 9.4.3. Calculating the local fields 179
9.4.4. Multiscale analysis: from the elementary volume to the beam 183
Chapter 10. Dynamics of 3D Continua and Elementary Mechanics of Fluids 187
10.1. Deformation and motion 187 10.2. Flash-back: Galilean tensors 192
10.3. Dynamical torsor of a 3D continuum 196 10.4. The stress-mass tensor
198 10.4.1. Transformation law and invariants 198 10.4.2. Boost method 200
10.5. Euler's equations of motion 202 10.6. Constitutive laws in dynamics
206 10.7. Hyperelastic materials and barotropic fluids 210 Chapter 11.
Dynamics of Continua of Arbitrary Dimensions 215 11.1. Modeling the motion
of one-dimensional (1D) material bodies 215 11.2. Group of the 1D linear
Galilean transformations 217 11.3. Torsor of a continuum of arbitrary
dimension 219 11.4. Force-mass tensor of a 1D material body 220 11.5. Full
torsor of a 1D material body 222 11.6. Equations of motion of a continuum
of arbitrary dimension 224 11.7. Equation of motion of 1D material bodies
225 11.7.1. First group of equations of motion 226 11.7.2. Multiscale
analysis 227 11.7.3. Secong group of equations of motion 231 Chapter 12.
More About Calculus of Variations 235 12.1. Calculus of variation and
tensors 235 12.2. Action principle for the dynamics of continua 237 12.3.
Explicit form of the variational equations 240 12.4. Balance equations of
the continuum 244 12.5. Comments for experts . 245 Chapter 13.
Thermodynamics of Continua 247 13.1. Introduction 247 13.2. An extra
dimension 248 13.3. Temperature vector and friction tensor 251 13.4.
Momentum tensors and first principle 253 13.5. Reversible processes and
thermodynamical potentials 258 13.6. Dissipative continuum and heat
transfer equation 263 13.7. Constitutive laws in thermodynamics 268 13.8.
Thermodynamics and Galilean gravitation 272 13.9. Comments for experts 279
Chapter 14. Mathematical Tools 281 14.1. Group 281 14.2. Tensor algebra 282
14.2.1. Linear tensors 282 14.2.2. Affine tensors 288 14.2.3. G-tensors and
Euclidean tensors 292 14.3. Vector analysis 295 14.3.1. Divergence 295
14.3.2. Laplacian 296 14.3.3. Vector analysis in R3 and curl 296 14.4.
Derivative with respect to a matrix 297 14.5. Tensor analysis 297 14.5.1.
Differential manifold 297 14.5.2. Covariant differential of linear tensors
300 14.5.3. Covariant differential of affine tensors 303 Part 3. Advanced
Topics 307 Chapter 15. Affine Structure on a Manifold 309 15.1.
Introduction 309 15.2. Endowing the structure of linear space by transport
310 15.3. Construction of the linear tangent space 311 15.4. Endowing the
structure of affine space by transport 313 15.5. Construction of the affine
tangent space 316 15.6. Particle derivative and affine functions 319
Chapter 16. Galilean, Bargmannian and Poincarean Structures on a Manifold
321 16.1. Toupinian structure 321 16.2. Normalizer of Galileo's group in
the affine group 323 16.3. Momentum tensors 325 16.4. Galilean momentum
tensors 328 16.4.1. Coadjoint representation of Galileo's group 328 16.4.2.
Galilean momentum transformation law 329 16.4.3. Structure of the orbit of
a Galilean momentum torsor 335 16.5. Galilean coordinate systems 338
16.5.1. G-structures 338 16.5.2. Galilean coordinate systems 338 16.6.
Galilean curvature 341 16.7. Bargmannian coordinates 346 16.8. Bargmannian
torsors 349 16.9. Bargmannian momenta 352 16.10. Poincarean structures 357
16.11. Lie group statistical mechanics 362 Chapter 17. Symplectic Structure
on a Manifold 367 17.1. Symplectic form 367 17.2. Symplectic group 370
17.3. Momentum map 371 17.4. Symplectic cohomology 373 17.5. Central
extension of a group 375 17.6. Construction of a central extension from the
symplectic cocycle 377 17.7. Coadjoint orbit method 383 17.8. Connections
385 17.9. Factorized symplectic form 387 17.10. Application to classical
mechanics 393 17.11. Application to relativity 396 Chapter 18. Advanced
Mathematical Tools 399 18.1. Vector fields 399 18.2. Lie group 400 18.3.
Foliation 402 18.4. Exterior algebra 402 18.5. Curvature tensor 405
Bibliography 407 Index 411