T. J. Blachut, A. Chrzanowski, J. H. Saastamoinen

Urban Surveying and Mapping (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

The idea of writing a textbook on urban surveying and mapping originated with the Commission on Cartography of the Pan American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH) because of the urgent need for planned and integrated surveying and mapping in urban communities of the American Hemisphere. It is obvious, however, that, with the exception of some European countries, the same situation exists in most cities of the world. The undersigned was asked to undertake the task. The task was not simple. The only available comprehensive text in the field 1 is Geodezja Miejska , which was published recently in Poland and reached the authors only after most of the present text was written. It is tailored to a very specific market and different requirements. Although it is an impressive book, it differs vastly from our own approach. Other reference texts are fragmentary or obsolete. During the last two decades, revolutionary changes have occurred in survey ing and mapping technology which have had a profound effect on actual procedures. In addition, the traditional concepts of urban surveying and map ping are undergoing rapid evolution. It is recognized that administration and planning require a great variety of continuously updated information which must be correlated with the actual physical fabric of the community, as de termined by surveying and mapping. Modern urban surveying and mapping is therefore the foundation of the broad and dynamic information system that is indispensable in any rational municipal effort.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer US
• Seitenzahl: 372
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Dezember 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781461261452
• Artikelnr.: 44042710

Inhaltsangabe

1 Organizational Schemes in Urban Surveying and Mapping.- Background Considerations.- A Brief Review of Existing Organizational Schemes in Urban Surveying and Mapping.- Further Comments on Structural and Functional Characteristics of City Survey Work.- The Functional Relationship Between the City Survey Office and Cadastral Operations.- Suggested Organizational Models of City Survey Offices.- References.- 2 Map Projection Systems for Urban Areas.- Geodetic Map Projections.- Formulas for the Reference Ellipsoid.- Transverse Mercator Grid Coordinates.- Grid Convergence and Scale Factor.- Transverse Mercator Projection Corrections.- Establishment of Local Plane Coordinate Grid.- References.- Additional Readings.- 3 Horizontal Control Surveys.- Density and Accuracy Requirements of Horizontal Control Networks.- Network Design.- Monumentation of Control Points.- Electromagnetic Distance Measurements (EDM).- Measurement of Horizontal Angles.- Reduction of Observations.- Net Adjustment and Computation of Coordinates.- Maintenance and Record-Keeping.- New Developments in Control Surveys.- References.- Additional Readings.- 4 Vertical Control.- General Characteristics of Vertical Control Nets in Urban Areas.- Accuracy Specifications.- Design of Vertical Control.- Monumentation.- Instruments and Field Procedures.- Adjustment and Computations of Heights.- Trigonometric Determination of Heights.- Record-Keeping and Maintenance.- References.- 5 Ground Surveying.- Introductory Remarks.- Brief Review of Surveying Methods.- Measurement of Distances.- Measurement of Angles.- Surveying Procedures.- References.- Additional Readings.- 6 Utility Surveys.- Surveying of Utilities.- Cadastre of Utilities.- References.- Additional Readings.- 7 Remarks on Cadastral Surveys.- Basic Functions and Characteristics of an Urban Cadastre.- Field Work.- Graphical, Numerical, and Computational Cadastre.- Accuracy Considerations.- Cadastral Maps.- References.- Additional Readings.- 8 Use of Photogrammetry in Urban Areas.- Notions Concerning Aerial Photography.- Planning of Photographic Missions.- Photogrammetric Determination of Supplementary Control Points: Aerial Triangulation.- Pictorial, Graphical, and Numerical Presentation of Terrain Contents.- Photogrammetric Cadastre in Urban Areas.- Special Applications of Photogrammetric Methods in Urban Areas.- References.- Additional Readings.- 9 City Maps.- Base Map.- Derived City Maps.- 1: 25000, 1: 50000, 1: 100000 and Smaller-Scale Topographical Maps.- Maintenance of City Maps.- Thematic Maps.- Computer-Supported Mapping Systems.- References.- 10 Principles of Surveying and Mapping Data Banks in Cities.