Nanoremediation has the potential to clean up large contaminated sites in situ, reducing clean up time and eliminating the need for removal of contaminants. The explosive growth in nanotechnology research has opened the doors to new strategies using nanometallic particles for extraction of pollutants. This book offers the potential of novel nanomaterials for treatment of surface water, groundwater and waste water contaminated by toxic organic pollutants.These nanomaterials in nanotechnology have raised the possibility of environmental decontamination as compared to costly instrumentation.