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Structural Design for Fire Safety, 2nd edition Andrew H. Buchanan, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Anthony K. Abu, University of Canterbury, New Zealand A practical and informative guide to structural fire engineering This book presents a comprehensive overview of structural fire engineering. An update on the first edition, the book describes new developments in the past ten years, including advanced calculation methods and computer programs. Further additions include: calculation methods for membrane action in floor slabs exposed to fires; a chapter on composite steel-concrete…mehr
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Structural Design for Fire Safety, 2nd edition Andrew H. Buchanan, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Anthony K. Abu, University of Canterbury, New Zealand A practical and informative guide to structural fire engineering This book presents a comprehensive overview of structural fire engineering. An update on the first edition, the book describes new developments in the past ten years, including advanced calculation methods and computer programs. Further additions include: calculation methods for membrane action in floor slabs exposed to fires; a chapter on composite steel-concrete construction; and case studies of structural collapses. The book begins with an introduction to fire safety in buildings, from fire growth and development to the devastating effects of severe fires on large building structures. Methods of calculating fire severity and fire resistance are then described in detail, together with both simple and advanced methods for assessing and designing for structural fire safety in buildings constructed from structural steel, reinforced concrete, or structural timber. Structural Design for Fire Safety, 2nd edition bridges the information gap between fire safety engineers, structural engineers and building officials, and it will be useful for many others including architects, code writers, building designers, and firefighters. Key features: * Updated references to current research, as well as new end-of-chapter questions and worked examples. *Authors experienced in teaching, researching, and applying structural fire engineering in real buildings. * A focus on basic principles rather than specific building code requirements, for an international audience. An essential guide for structural engineers who wish to improve their understanding of buildings exposed to severe fires and an ideal textbook for introductory or advanced courses in structural fire engineering.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons / Wiley
- 2nd edition
- Seitenzahl: 440
- Erscheinungstermin: 13. Januar 2017
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 251mm x 172mm x 30mm
- Gewicht: 877g
- ISBN-13: 9780470972892
- ISBN-10: 0470972890
- Artikelnr.: 42833482
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons / Wiley
- 2nd edition
- Seitenzahl: 440
- Erscheinungstermin: 13. Januar 2017
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 251mm x 172mm x 30mm
- Gewicht: 877g
- ISBN-13: 9780470972892
- ISBN-10: 0470972890
- Artikelnr.: 42833482
Dr Andy Buchanan is Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. He has a B.E.(Honours) degree from the University of Canterbury, a Masters degree from the University of California at Berkeley, and a Ph.D from the University of British Columbia, Canada. He is a structural engineer with special interests in fire resistance, earthquake engineering and timber structures. After gaining experiences as a consulting structural engineer, he joined the University of Canterbury over 20 years ago, where he established the fire engineering programme, leading to the first edition of Structural Design for Fire Safety in 2001. His recent research interests are in structural design and fire performance of multi-storey timber buildings, including the rebuild of Christchurch after recent devastating earthquakes. Dr Anthony Abu is a Senior Lecturer in Structural Fire Engineering at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. He has a B.Sc.(High Honour) degree from Eastern Mediterranean University in Northern Cyprus, and a Ph.D from the University of Sheffield, UK. Dr Abu is a structural engineer with particular expertise in building resistance to fires. He has worked with consultancies in both the UK and New Zealand to develop structural fire engineering solutions for stadia, office complexes and airports. He was involved in the implementation of the structural fire engineering Eurocodes in the UK. At the University of Canterbury he teaches structural mechanics and structural fire engineering, and has been involved in fire resistance research for steel, reinforced concrete and timber structures since 2009.
Preface xv List of Notations xvi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objective and Target
Audience 1 1.2 Fire Safety 2 1.3 Performance?]based Design 2 1.4 Structural
Fire Engineering 5 1.5 Purpose of this Book 5 1.6 Units 6 1.7 Organization
of Chapters 6 2 Fire Safety in Buildings 8 2.1 Fire Safety Objectives 8 2.2
Process of Fire Development 9 2.3 Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety 13
2.4 Fire Resistance 17 2.5 Controlling Fire Spread 22 2.6 Building
Construction for Fire Safety 29 2.7 Assessment and Repair of Fire Damage 31
3 Fires and Heat 35 3.1 Fires in General 35 3.2 Combustion 37 3.3 Fire
Initiation 39 3.4 Pre?]flashover Fires 40 3.5 Flashover 48 3.6
Post?]flashover Fires 49 3.7 Design Fires 60 3.8 Other Factors 66 3.9 Heat
Transfer 69 3.10 Worked Examples 75 4 Fire Severity and Fire Resistance 84
4.1 Providing Fire Resistance 84 4.2 Fire Severity 89 4.3 Equivalent Fire
Severity 90 4.4 Fire Resistance 95 4.5 Fire Resistance Tests 96 4.6
Specifying Fire Resistance 103 4.7 Fire Resistance of Assemblies 107 4.8
Worked Examples 113 5 Design of Structures Exposed to Fire 115 5.1
Structural Design at Normal Temperatures 115 5.2 Loads 116 5.3 Structural
Design in Fire Conditions 122 5.4 Material Properties in Fire 126 5.5
Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire 130 5.6 Design of Structural
Assemblies Exposed to Fire 135 5.7 Worked Examples 149 6 Steel Structures
154 6.1 Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire 154 6.2 Steel Temperature
Prediction 157 6.3 Protection Systems 166 6.4 Mechanical Properties of
Steel at Elevated Temperature 171 6.5 Design of Steel Members Exposed to
Fire 179 6.6 Bolted and Welded Connections 187 6.7 Cast?]iron Members 188
6.8 Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire 188 6.9 Worked Examples 188 7
Concrete Structures 195 7.1 Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire 195
7.2 Concrete Materials in Fire 196 7.3 Spalling of Cover Concrete 201 7.4
Concrete and Steel Reinforcing Temperatures 202 7.5 Mechanical Properties
of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures 207 7.6 Design of Concrete Members
Exposed to Fire 213 7.7 Worked Examples 224 8 Composite Structures 234 8.1
Fire Resistance of Composite Elements 234 8.2 Assessing Fire Resistance 237
8.3 Behaviour and Design of Individual Composite Members in Fire 238 8.4
Design of Steel and Composite Buildings Exposed to Fire 248 8.5 Worked
Example 255 9 Timber Structures 257 9.1 Description of Timber Construction
257 9.2 Wood Temperatures 261 9.3 Mechanical Properties of Wood 264 9.4
Charring Rate 273 9.5 Design for Fire Resistance of Heavy Timber Members
280 9.6 Timber Connections in Fire 290 9.7 Worked Examples 297 10 Light
Frame Construction 301 10.1 Summary of Light Frame Construction 301 10.2
Gypsum Plaster Board 304 10.3 Fire Behaviour 309 10.4 Fire Resistance
Ratings 311 10.5 Design for Separating Function 314 10.6 Design for
Load?]bearing Capacity 318 10.7 Steel Stud Walls 325 10.8 Timber Joist
Floors 327 10.9 Timber Trusses 328 10.10 Construction Details 329 10.11
Lightweight Sandwich Panels 335 11 Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.1
Types of Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.2 Fire Models 341 11.3 Thermal
Response Models 344 11.4 Advanced Structural Models 348 11.5 Advanced Hand
Calculation Methods 349 11.6 Finite Element Methods for Advanced Structural
Calculations 355 11.7 Software Packages for Structural and Thermal Fire
Analysis 369 12 Design Recommendations 371 12.1 Summary of Main Points 371
12.2 Summary for Main Materials 372 12.3 Thermal Analysis 375 12.4
Conclusions 376 Appendix A: Units and Conversion Factors 377 Appendix B:
Section Factors for Steel Beams 381 References 394 Index 411
Audience 1 1.2 Fire Safety 2 1.3 Performance?]based Design 2 1.4 Structural
Fire Engineering 5 1.5 Purpose of this Book 5 1.6 Units 6 1.7 Organization
of Chapters 6 2 Fire Safety in Buildings 8 2.1 Fire Safety Objectives 8 2.2
Process of Fire Development 9 2.3 Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety 13
2.4 Fire Resistance 17 2.5 Controlling Fire Spread 22 2.6 Building
Construction for Fire Safety 29 2.7 Assessment and Repair of Fire Damage 31
3 Fires and Heat 35 3.1 Fires in General 35 3.2 Combustion 37 3.3 Fire
Initiation 39 3.4 Pre?]flashover Fires 40 3.5 Flashover 48 3.6
Post?]flashover Fires 49 3.7 Design Fires 60 3.8 Other Factors 66 3.9 Heat
Transfer 69 3.10 Worked Examples 75 4 Fire Severity and Fire Resistance 84
4.1 Providing Fire Resistance 84 4.2 Fire Severity 89 4.3 Equivalent Fire
Severity 90 4.4 Fire Resistance 95 4.5 Fire Resistance Tests 96 4.6
Specifying Fire Resistance 103 4.7 Fire Resistance of Assemblies 107 4.8
Worked Examples 113 5 Design of Structures Exposed to Fire 115 5.1
Structural Design at Normal Temperatures 115 5.2 Loads 116 5.3 Structural
Design in Fire Conditions 122 5.4 Material Properties in Fire 126 5.5
Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire 130 5.6 Design of Structural
Assemblies Exposed to Fire 135 5.7 Worked Examples 149 6 Steel Structures
154 6.1 Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire 154 6.2 Steel Temperature
Prediction 157 6.3 Protection Systems 166 6.4 Mechanical Properties of
Steel at Elevated Temperature 171 6.5 Design of Steel Members Exposed to
Fire 179 6.6 Bolted and Welded Connections 187 6.7 Cast?]iron Members 188
6.8 Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire 188 6.9 Worked Examples 188 7
Concrete Structures 195 7.1 Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire 195
7.2 Concrete Materials in Fire 196 7.3 Spalling of Cover Concrete 201 7.4
Concrete and Steel Reinforcing Temperatures 202 7.5 Mechanical Properties
of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures 207 7.6 Design of Concrete Members
Exposed to Fire 213 7.7 Worked Examples 224 8 Composite Structures 234 8.1
Fire Resistance of Composite Elements 234 8.2 Assessing Fire Resistance 237
8.3 Behaviour and Design of Individual Composite Members in Fire 238 8.4
Design of Steel and Composite Buildings Exposed to Fire 248 8.5 Worked
Example 255 9 Timber Structures 257 9.1 Description of Timber Construction
257 9.2 Wood Temperatures 261 9.3 Mechanical Properties of Wood 264 9.4
Charring Rate 273 9.5 Design for Fire Resistance of Heavy Timber Members
280 9.6 Timber Connections in Fire 290 9.7 Worked Examples 297 10 Light
Frame Construction 301 10.1 Summary of Light Frame Construction 301 10.2
Gypsum Plaster Board 304 10.3 Fire Behaviour 309 10.4 Fire Resistance
Ratings 311 10.5 Design for Separating Function 314 10.6 Design for
Load?]bearing Capacity 318 10.7 Steel Stud Walls 325 10.8 Timber Joist
Floors 327 10.9 Timber Trusses 328 10.10 Construction Details 329 10.11
Lightweight Sandwich Panels 335 11 Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.1
Types of Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.2 Fire Models 341 11.3 Thermal
Response Models 344 11.4 Advanced Structural Models 348 11.5 Advanced Hand
Calculation Methods 349 11.6 Finite Element Methods for Advanced Structural
Calculations 355 11.7 Software Packages for Structural and Thermal Fire
Analysis 369 12 Design Recommendations 371 12.1 Summary of Main Points 371
12.2 Summary for Main Materials 372 12.3 Thermal Analysis 375 12.4
Conclusions 376 Appendix A: Units and Conversion Factors 377 Appendix B:
Section Factors for Steel Beams 381 References 394 Index 411
Preface
Notation
Introduction
Fire Safety in Buildings
Overview
FireSafety Objectives
Process of Fire Development
Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety
Fire Resistance
Controlling Fire Spread
Building Construction for Fire Safety
Fire and Heat
Overview
Fuels
Combustion
Fire Initiation
Burning Objects
t-squared Fires
Pre-flashover Design Fires
Heat Transfer
Room Fires
Overview
Pre-flashover fires
Flashover
Post-flashover Fires
Design Fires
Other Factors
Fire Severity
Overview
Fire Severity and Fire Resistance
Fire Severity
Standard Fire
Equivalent Fire Severity
Fire Resistance
Overview
Fire Resistance
Assessing Fire Resistance
Fire-resistance Tests
Approved Fire-resistance Ratings
Fire Resistance by Calculation
Fire Resistance of Assemblies
Design of Structures Exposed to Fire
Overview
Structural Design at Normal Temperatures
Structural Design in Fire Conditions
Material Properties in Fire
Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Structural Assemblies Exposed to Fire
Steel Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Steel Temperatures
Protection Systems
Mechanical Properties of Steel at Elevated Temperature
Design of Steel Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire
Concrete Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Concrete and Reinforcing Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures
Design of Concrete Members Exposed to Fire
Composite Steel-Concrete Construction Exposed to Fire
Timber Structures
Overview
Description of Timber Construction
Fire-resistance Ratings
Wood Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Wood
Design Concepts for Heavy Timber Exposed to Fire
Design of Heavy Timber Members Exposed to Fire
Behaviour of Timber Connections in Fire
Light Frame Construction
Overview
Description
Fire Behaviours
Fire-resistance Ratings
Properties of Gypsum Plaster Board
Temperatures Within Light Frame Assemblies
Structural Behaviour
Design of Light Frame Structures in Fire
Construction Details
Lightweight Sandwich Panels
Design Recommendations
Overview
Summary of Main Points
Summary for Main Materials
Thermal Analysis
Conclusions
Appendix A Units and conversion factors
Appendix B Fire load energy densities
Appendix C Section property tables for steel beams
Appendix D Generic fire-resistance ratings for reinforcedconcrete
References
Index
Notation
Introduction
Fire Safety in Buildings
Overview
FireSafety Objectives
Process of Fire Development
Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety
Fire Resistance
Controlling Fire Spread
Building Construction for Fire Safety
Fire and Heat
Overview
Fuels
Combustion
Fire Initiation
Burning Objects
t-squared Fires
Pre-flashover Design Fires
Heat Transfer
Room Fires
Overview
Pre-flashover fires
Flashover
Post-flashover Fires
Design Fires
Other Factors
Fire Severity
Overview
Fire Severity and Fire Resistance
Fire Severity
Standard Fire
Equivalent Fire Severity
Fire Resistance
Overview
Fire Resistance
Assessing Fire Resistance
Fire-resistance Tests
Approved Fire-resistance Ratings
Fire Resistance by Calculation
Fire Resistance of Assemblies
Design of Structures Exposed to Fire
Overview
Structural Design at Normal Temperatures
Structural Design in Fire Conditions
Material Properties in Fire
Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Structural Assemblies Exposed to Fire
Steel Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Steel Temperatures
Protection Systems
Mechanical Properties of Steel at Elevated Temperature
Design of Steel Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire
Concrete Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Concrete and Reinforcing Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures
Design of Concrete Members Exposed to Fire
Composite Steel-Concrete Construction Exposed to Fire
Timber Structures
Overview
Description of Timber Construction
Fire-resistance Ratings
Wood Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Wood
Design Concepts for Heavy Timber Exposed to Fire
Design of Heavy Timber Members Exposed to Fire
Behaviour of Timber Connections in Fire
Light Frame Construction
Overview
Description
Fire Behaviours
Fire-resistance Ratings
Properties of Gypsum Plaster Board
Temperatures Within Light Frame Assemblies
Structural Behaviour
Design of Light Frame Structures in Fire
Construction Details
Lightweight Sandwich Panels
Design Recommendations
Overview
Summary of Main Points
Summary for Main Materials
Thermal Analysis
Conclusions
Appendix A Units and conversion factors
Appendix B Fire load energy densities
Appendix C Section property tables for steel beams
Appendix D Generic fire-resistance ratings for reinforcedconcrete
References
Index
Preface xv List of Notations xvi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objective and Target
Audience 1 1.2 Fire Safety 2 1.3 Performance?]based Design 2 1.4 Structural
Fire Engineering 5 1.5 Purpose of this Book 5 1.6 Units 6 1.7 Organization
of Chapters 6 2 Fire Safety in Buildings 8 2.1 Fire Safety Objectives 8 2.2
Process of Fire Development 9 2.3 Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety 13
2.4 Fire Resistance 17 2.5 Controlling Fire Spread 22 2.6 Building
Construction for Fire Safety 29 2.7 Assessment and Repair of Fire Damage 31
3 Fires and Heat 35 3.1 Fires in General 35 3.2 Combustion 37 3.3 Fire
Initiation 39 3.4 Pre?]flashover Fires 40 3.5 Flashover 48 3.6
Post?]flashover Fires 49 3.7 Design Fires 60 3.8 Other Factors 66 3.9 Heat
Transfer 69 3.10 Worked Examples 75 4 Fire Severity and Fire Resistance 84
4.1 Providing Fire Resistance 84 4.2 Fire Severity 89 4.3 Equivalent Fire
Severity 90 4.4 Fire Resistance 95 4.5 Fire Resistance Tests 96 4.6
Specifying Fire Resistance 103 4.7 Fire Resistance of Assemblies 107 4.8
Worked Examples 113 5 Design of Structures Exposed to Fire 115 5.1
Structural Design at Normal Temperatures 115 5.2 Loads 116 5.3 Structural
Design in Fire Conditions 122 5.4 Material Properties in Fire 126 5.5
Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire 130 5.6 Design of Structural
Assemblies Exposed to Fire 135 5.7 Worked Examples 149 6 Steel Structures
154 6.1 Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire 154 6.2 Steel Temperature
Prediction 157 6.3 Protection Systems 166 6.4 Mechanical Properties of
Steel at Elevated Temperature 171 6.5 Design of Steel Members Exposed to
Fire 179 6.6 Bolted and Welded Connections 187 6.7 Cast?]iron Members 188
6.8 Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire 188 6.9 Worked Examples 188 7
Concrete Structures 195 7.1 Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire 195
7.2 Concrete Materials in Fire 196 7.3 Spalling of Cover Concrete 201 7.4
Concrete and Steel Reinforcing Temperatures 202 7.5 Mechanical Properties
of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures 207 7.6 Design of Concrete Members
Exposed to Fire 213 7.7 Worked Examples 224 8 Composite Structures 234 8.1
Fire Resistance of Composite Elements 234 8.2 Assessing Fire Resistance 237
8.3 Behaviour and Design of Individual Composite Members in Fire 238 8.4
Design of Steel and Composite Buildings Exposed to Fire 248 8.5 Worked
Example 255 9 Timber Structures 257 9.1 Description of Timber Construction
257 9.2 Wood Temperatures 261 9.3 Mechanical Properties of Wood 264 9.4
Charring Rate 273 9.5 Design for Fire Resistance of Heavy Timber Members
280 9.6 Timber Connections in Fire 290 9.7 Worked Examples 297 10 Light
Frame Construction 301 10.1 Summary of Light Frame Construction 301 10.2
Gypsum Plaster Board 304 10.3 Fire Behaviour 309 10.4 Fire Resistance
Ratings 311 10.5 Design for Separating Function 314 10.6 Design for
Load?]bearing Capacity 318 10.7 Steel Stud Walls 325 10.8 Timber Joist
Floors 327 10.9 Timber Trusses 328 10.10 Construction Details 329 10.11
Lightweight Sandwich Panels 335 11 Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.1
Types of Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.2 Fire Models 341 11.3 Thermal
Response Models 344 11.4 Advanced Structural Models 348 11.5 Advanced Hand
Calculation Methods 349 11.6 Finite Element Methods for Advanced Structural
Calculations 355 11.7 Software Packages for Structural and Thermal Fire
Analysis 369 12 Design Recommendations 371 12.1 Summary of Main Points 371
12.2 Summary for Main Materials 372 12.3 Thermal Analysis 375 12.4
Conclusions 376 Appendix A: Units and Conversion Factors 377 Appendix B:
Section Factors for Steel Beams 381 References 394 Index 411
Audience 1 1.2 Fire Safety 2 1.3 Performance?]based Design 2 1.4 Structural
Fire Engineering 5 1.5 Purpose of this Book 5 1.6 Units 6 1.7 Organization
of Chapters 6 2 Fire Safety in Buildings 8 2.1 Fire Safety Objectives 8 2.2
Process of Fire Development 9 2.3 Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety 13
2.4 Fire Resistance 17 2.5 Controlling Fire Spread 22 2.6 Building
Construction for Fire Safety 29 2.7 Assessment and Repair of Fire Damage 31
3 Fires and Heat 35 3.1 Fires in General 35 3.2 Combustion 37 3.3 Fire
Initiation 39 3.4 Pre?]flashover Fires 40 3.5 Flashover 48 3.6
Post?]flashover Fires 49 3.7 Design Fires 60 3.8 Other Factors 66 3.9 Heat
Transfer 69 3.10 Worked Examples 75 4 Fire Severity and Fire Resistance 84
4.1 Providing Fire Resistance 84 4.2 Fire Severity 89 4.3 Equivalent Fire
Severity 90 4.4 Fire Resistance 95 4.5 Fire Resistance Tests 96 4.6
Specifying Fire Resistance 103 4.7 Fire Resistance of Assemblies 107 4.8
Worked Examples 113 5 Design of Structures Exposed to Fire 115 5.1
Structural Design at Normal Temperatures 115 5.2 Loads 116 5.3 Structural
Design in Fire Conditions 122 5.4 Material Properties in Fire 126 5.5
Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire 130 5.6 Design of Structural
Assemblies Exposed to Fire 135 5.7 Worked Examples 149 6 Steel Structures
154 6.1 Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire 154 6.2 Steel Temperature
Prediction 157 6.3 Protection Systems 166 6.4 Mechanical Properties of
Steel at Elevated Temperature 171 6.5 Design of Steel Members Exposed to
Fire 179 6.6 Bolted and Welded Connections 187 6.7 Cast?]iron Members 188
6.8 Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire 188 6.9 Worked Examples 188 7
Concrete Structures 195 7.1 Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire 195
7.2 Concrete Materials in Fire 196 7.3 Spalling of Cover Concrete 201 7.4
Concrete and Steel Reinforcing Temperatures 202 7.5 Mechanical Properties
of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures 207 7.6 Design of Concrete Members
Exposed to Fire 213 7.7 Worked Examples 224 8 Composite Structures 234 8.1
Fire Resistance of Composite Elements 234 8.2 Assessing Fire Resistance 237
8.3 Behaviour and Design of Individual Composite Members in Fire 238 8.4
Design of Steel and Composite Buildings Exposed to Fire 248 8.5 Worked
Example 255 9 Timber Structures 257 9.1 Description of Timber Construction
257 9.2 Wood Temperatures 261 9.3 Mechanical Properties of Wood 264 9.4
Charring Rate 273 9.5 Design for Fire Resistance of Heavy Timber Members
280 9.6 Timber Connections in Fire 290 9.7 Worked Examples 297 10 Light
Frame Construction 301 10.1 Summary of Light Frame Construction 301 10.2
Gypsum Plaster Board 304 10.3 Fire Behaviour 309 10.4 Fire Resistance
Ratings 311 10.5 Design for Separating Function 314 10.6 Design for
Load?]bearing Capacity 318 10.7 Steel Stud Walls 325 10.8 Timber Joist
Floors 327 10.9 Timber Trusses 328 10.10 Construction Details 329 10.11
Lightweight Sandwich Panels 335 11 Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.1
Types of Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.2 Fire Models 341 11.3 Thermal
Response Models 344 11.4 Advanced Structural Models 348 11.5 Advanced Hand
Calculation Methods 349 11.6 Finite Element Methods for Advanced Structural
Calculations 355 11.7 Software Packages for Structural and Thermal Fire
Analysis 369 12 Design Recommendations 371 12.1 Summary of Main Points 371
12.2 Summary for Main Materials 372 12.3 Thermal Analysis 375 12.4
Conclusions 376 Appendix A: Units and Conversion Factors 377 Appendix B:
Section Factors for Steel Beams 381 References 394 Index 411
Preface
Notation
Introduction
Fire Safety in Buildings
Overview
FireSafety Objectives
Process of Fire Development
Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety
Fire Resistance
Controlling Fire Spread
Building Construction for Fire Safety
Fire and Heat
Overview
Fuels
Combustion
Fire Initiation
Burning Objects
t-squared Fires
Pre-flashover Design Fires
Heat Transfer
Room Fires
Overview
Pre-flashover fires
Flashover
Post-flashover Fires
Design Fires
Other Factors
Fire Severity
Overview
Fire Severity and Fire Resistance
Fire Severity
Standard Fire
Equivalent Fire Severity
Fire Resistance
Overview
Fire Resistance
Assessing Fire Resistance
Fire-resistance Tests
Approved Fire-resistance Ratings
Fire Resistance by Calculation
Fire Resistance of Assemblies
Design of Structures Exposed to Fire
Overview
Structural Design at Normal Temperatures
Structural Design in Fire Conditions
Material Properties in Fire
Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Structural Assemblies Exposed to Fire
Steel Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Steel Temperatures
Protection Systems
Mechanical Properties of Steel at Elevated Temperature
Design of Steel Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire
Concrete Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Concrete and Reinforcing Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures
Design of Concrete Members Exposed to Fire
Composite Steel-Concrete Construction Exposed to Fire
Timber Structures
Overview
Description of Timber Construction
Fire-resistance Ratings
Wood Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Wood
Design Concepts for Heavy Timber Exposed to Fire
Design of Heavy Timber Members Exposed to Fire
Behaviour of Timber Connections in Fire
Light Frame Construction
Overview
Description
Fire Behaviours
Fire-resistance Ratings
Properties of Gypsum Plaster Board
Temperatures Within Light Frame Assemblies
Structural Behaviour
Design of Light Frame Structures in Fire
Construction Details
Lightweight Sandwich Panels
Design Recommendations
Overview
Summary of Main Points
Summary for Main Materials
Thermal Analysis
Conclusions
Appendix A Units and conversion factors
Appendix B Fire load energy densities
Appendix C Section property tables for steel beams
Appendix D Generic fire-resistance ratings for reinforcedconcrete
References
Index
Notation
Introduction
Fire Safety in Buildings
Overview
FireSafety Objectives
Process of Fire Development
Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety
Fire Resistance
Controlling Fire Spread
Building Construction for Fire Safety
Fire and Heat
Overview
Fuels
Combustion
Fire Initiation
Burning Objects
t-squared Fires
Pre-flashover Design Fires
Heat Transfer
Room Fires
Overview
Pre-flashover fires
Flashover
Post-flashover Fires
Design Fires
Other Factors
Fire Severity
Overview
Fire Severity and Fire Resistance
Fire Severity
Standard Fire
Equivalent Fire Severity
Fire Resistance
Overview
Fire Resistance
Assessing Fire Resistance
Fire-resistance Tests
Approved Fire-resistance Ratings
Fire Resistance by Calculation
Fire Resistance of Assemblies
Design of Structures Exposed to Fire
Overview
Structural Design at Normal Temperatures
Structural Design in Fire Conditions
Material Properties in Fire
Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Structural Assemblies Exposed to Fire
Steel Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Steel Temperatures
Protection Systems
Mechanical Properties of Steel at Elevated Temperature
Design of Steel Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire
Concrete Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Concrete and Reinforcing Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures
Design of Concrete Members Exposed to Fire
Composite Steel-Concrete Construction Exposed to Fire
Timber Structures
Overview
Description of Timber Construction
Fire-resistance Ratings
Wood Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Wood
Design Concepts for Heavy Timber Exposed to Fire
Design of Heavy Timber Members Exposed to Fire
Behaviour of Timber Connections in Fire
Light Frame Construction
Overview
Description
Fire Behaviours
Fire-resistance Ratings
Properties of Gypsum Plaster Board
Temperatures Within Light Frame Assemblies
Structural Behaviour
Design of Light Frame Structures in Fire
Construction Details
Lightweight Sandwich Panels
Design Recommendations
Overview
Summary of Main Points
Summary for Main Materials
Thermal Analysis
Conclusions
Appendix A Units and conversion factors
Appendix B Fire load energy densities
Appendix C Section property tables for steel beams
Appendix D Generic fire-resistance ratings for reinforcedconcrete
References
Index