The monograph is devoted to the scientific fundamental and technological problems of submicro- and nanophysics, in particular, nanooptics and nanoplasmonics, on the creation of new functional photonic composite materials based on dielectric and semiconductor matrices with metal nanoparticles synthesized by ion implantation. The results on ionic synthesis and plasmon effects of nanoparticles in various optical media are presented: glasses, crystals and polymers. The research on the high-power pulses laser annealing of composite materials is also described. A new method for the formation of metal nanoparticles in a viscous-flow polymer matrix under ion irradiation is demonstrated. Data on the systematized study of the nonlinear optical properties of ion-synthesized metal nanoparticles in a wide spectral region from ultraviolet to near infrared are presented. Unique optical-sensory properties of such materials are considered. A novel technological method for synthesizing of silicon and germanium layers with implanted metal nanoparticles is reported. Monograph could be useful to both students and experienced professionals.