This book analyzes the impact of decentralization on primary healthcare and primary education outcomes in Uganda. It provides a review of the degree of decentralization program in Uganda. It reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the impact of decentralization on service delivery. It also analyzes the key factors affecting public service delivery in the primary education and primary health care sectors. In addition,it analyzes the financing trends and the effects of public expenditure on primary education outcomes. Further, it analyzes the impact of decentralization program on primary health care and primary education outcomes. Furthermore, it examines the effects of district creation on primary education and primary health care service delivery. The book ends with policy recommendations.