There is a critical shortage of potable water in Khartoum State and the situation is exaggerated during the flood seasons. The most important challenge facing Khartoum State water supply sector- during the flood season- is to provide Khartoum's inhabitants with reliable and safe drinking water free of pathogenic and harmful chemical substances to have acceptable limit of turbidity. The other challenge that faces Khartoum State Water Corporation (KSWC) is the lack of the scientific approaches for data analysis and data interpretation regarding the Blue Nile and water treatment plant characteristics that could enhance KSWC in the future planning. This book can be considered as a reference base for the researchers and uses scientific data analysis that provide KSWC with the needed data, information and knowledge of the Blue Nile characteristics for future water supply plants design.