Aina Gallego is a Ramon y Cajal Fellow at the Barcelona Institute of International Studies. She completed her doctoral dissertation at the Autonomous University of Barcelona in 2008, and she was a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University and the Spanish High Research Council. Her research focuses on several aspects of democratic representation, including inequalities in voter turnout and political participation, the formation of political preferences, and the effects of electoral systems and income inequality on political behavior.
Introduction
1. Unequal participation around the world
2. Heterogeneous consequences of contexts on participation
3. The difficulty of the voting procedure
4. Government fragmentation and media systems
5. Trade unions in the highly educated membership era
6. Income inequality and the participation of lower-status groups
7. Consequences of unequal participation for representation
Conclusions.
