The recent rise and popularity of digital Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin challenged many of the conventional beliefs surrounding money and e-commerce. In the past number of years Bitcoin has been at the forefront of this movement and has been steadily growing in popularity. Bitcoin being the first decentralised digital payment system has raised many questions regarding monetary theory and what defines a currency. This book looks at Bitcoin and compares its institutional framework against Modern Monetary Theory in the form of a case study.