Bambara groundnut is an African crop widely grown by subsistence farmers. It is an under-utilised food legume that occupies a prominent place in the strategies to ensure food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Its edible seeds are an important source of calories, vitamins and vegetable proteins. In addition to its nutritional values, roots, leaves and seeds are used in traditional medicine. The crop has also a potential for economic exploitation and offers several agronomic advantages and is a useful legume to include in climate change adaptation strategies.