"The transportation of multimedia over the network requires timely and errorless transmission much more strictly than other data. This had led to special protocols and to special treatment in multimedia applications (telephony, IP-TV, streaming) to overcome network issues. This book begins with an overview of the vast market combined with the user's expectations. The base mechanisms of the audio/video coding (H.26x etc.) are explained to understand characteristics of the generated network traffic. Further chapters treat common specialized underlying IP network functions which cope with…mehr
"The transportation of multimedia over the network requires timely and errorless transmission much more strictly than other data. This had led to special protocols and to special treatment in multimedia applications (telephony, IP-TV, streaming) to overcome network issues. This book begins with an overview of the vast market combined with the user's expectations. The base mechanisms of the audio/video coding (H.26x etc.) are explained to understand characteristics of the generated network traffic. Further chapters treat common specialized underlying IP network functions which cope with multimedia data in conjunction which special time adaption measures. Based on those standard functions these chapters can treat uniformly SIP, H.248, High-End IP-TV, Webcast, Signage etc. A special section is devoted to home networks which challenge high-end service delivery due to possibly unreliable management. The whole book treats concepts described in accessible IP-based standards and which are implemented broadly. The book is aimed at graduate students/practitioners with good basic knowledge in computer networking. It provides the reader with all concepts of currently used IP technologies of how to deliver multimedia efficiently to the end user. "--Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Hans W. Barz, Retired - former Lecturer at Swiss Technical University (ETH) Zürich & Head of Networking Services at Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland. Barz has worked in computer networking since the 1980's, teaching in multiple universities and applying the technology broadly in large company networks with over 60.000 employees worldwide. In the 1990's he published - in German - a book on networking based on lectures he provided at three universities (Freiburg, Basel, Zürich). From 2002 he headed a global network organization in a multinational company which applied multimedia networking globally. He ran (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) a course at the Swiss Technical University (Electro Technical Department, ETH, Zürich) on the subject of this book for graduate and PhD students, much of the material providing the basis of the book. Gregory A. Bassett, Owner - Coral Consulting GmbH, Riehen & former Senior Enterprise Architect at Hoffmann La Roche, Basel, Switzerland. With dual USA/Swiss nationality, Bassett is a highly experience network and computer engineering, with extensive experience working in a range of environments throughout North & South America, Europe and Japan. He successfully created and maintained many sections of Roche's Enterprise Architecture including networking, identity, voice, messaging, video and mobility. Now running his own consultancy business in Switzerland.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii About the Authors xv Abbreviations xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Types of Networks 2 1.1.1 Internet 2 1.1.2 Telecommunication Provider Networks 2 1.1.3 Company Networks 3 1.1.4 University Networks 3 1.1.5 Home Networks 3 1.1.6 Overview 4 1.2 Standard Organizations 4 1.3 Market 5 2 Requirements 7 2.1 Telephony 7 2.2 Streaming 10 2.3 IPTV 11 2.4 High-End Videoconferences 12 2.5 Webcast 15 2.6 Requirement Summary 16 3 Audio, Image, Video Coding, and Transmission 19 3.1 Audio 19 3.1.1 Companding 21 3.1.2 Differential Quantization 23 3.1.3 Vocoders 26 3.2 Basics of Video Coding 30 3.2.1 Simple Compression 34 3.2.2 Motion Estimation 35 3.2.3 Statistical Compression 36 3.2.4 Transform Functions 40 3.3 JPEG 43 3.4 MPEG/H.26x Video Compression 45 3.4.1 MPEG Data Streams 47 3.4.2 H.261 49 3.4.3 MPEG-4 52 3.4.4 H.264 52 3.4.5 Scalable Video Codec 58 3.4.6 H.265 59 3.5 Other Video Compression Standards 62 3.6 Three-Dimensional Video 64 3.7 Error Resilience 66 3.8 Transcoder 68 4 Underlying Network Functions 71 4.1 Real-Time Protocol (RTP) 71 4.1.1 Elements of RTP 73 4.1.2 Details of RTP 73 4.1.3 RTP Payload 74 4.1.4 Details of RTCP 79 4.2 Session Description Protocol (SDP) 86 4.2.1 SDP Overview 86 4.2.2 Extending SDP 89 4.2.3 Javascript Session Establishment Protocol (JSEP) 89 4.3 Streaming 90 4.3.1 Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) 90 4.4 Multicast 96 4.4.1 Multicast Overview 96 4.4.2 Multicast Addressing 97 4.4.3 Types of Multicast 98 4.4.4 Multicast End Delivery 99 4.4.5 Multicast Routing Protocols 102 4.4.6 Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode 103 4.4.7 Application Layer Multicast 107 4.5 Quality of Service 108 4.5.1 Integrated Services (Intserv) 109 4.5.2 Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) 110 4.5.3 Differentiated Services (DiffServ) 111 4.5.4 QoS on the LAN 116 4.5.5 QoS in the Real World 117 4.6 NTP 118 4.7 Caching 120 4.7.1 Caching Elements 120 4.7.2 Web Cache Communications Protocol (WCCP) 122 4.7.3 Content Delivery Networks 122 4.7.4 Use of Cache Servers in Private Networks 123 5 Synchronization and Adaptation 125 5.1 End-to-End Model 125 5.2 Jitter 128 5.3 Packet Loss 129 5.4 Play-Out Time 130 5.4.1 Hypothetical Decoder 131 5.4.2 Multiple Streams 132 5.4.3 Adaptive Play-Out 133 5.5 Congestion Control 133 5.6 Delay 135 5.7 Queuing 138 5.8 Media Player 140 5.9 Storage and Retrieval 141 5.10 Integration Scripting Languages 143 5.11 Optimization 144 6 Session Initiation Protocol 147 6.1 SIP Basics 148 6.1.1 First Steps with SIP 148 6.1.2 SIP Servers 152 6.1.3 More SIP Methods 156 6.2 PSTN Interconnection 158 6.3 Conferencing 161 6.4 Presence 166 6.5 Network Address Translation 169 6.6 APIs and Scripting 172 6.7 Security and Safety 172 6.8 Planning a VoIP Company Telephony System 175 6.8.1 Dial Plan 177 6.8.2 Emergency 178 6.8.3 VoIP Network Planning 179 7 Other Standard VoIP Protocols 183 7.1 H.323 VoIP Family 183 7.1.1 H.225 185 7.1.2 H.245 189 7.1.3 Comparing SIP and H.323 191 7.2 T.120 Data Applications 192 7.3 Gateway Control 194 7.3.1 H.248 195 7.3.2 Signal Control 198 7.4 Mobile VoIP 202 7.4.1 IP Multimedia Subsystem 202 7.4.2 VoLTE 208 7.5 Skype 211 8 WebRTC 213 8.1 WebRTC Transport 215 8.1.1 ICE Revisited 217 8.2 RTP/SDP Adaptations 219 8.3 Interworking 220 9 Streaming and Over-the-Top TV 223 9.1 HTTP Live Streaming - Apple 224 9.2 Smooth Streaming - Microsoft 226 9.3 HTTP Dynamic Streaming - Adobe 227 9.4 Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP - DASH 229 9.4.1 History of MPEG-DASH 229 9.4.2 Description of MPEG-DASH 229 9.5 DASH and Network Interaction 233 9.5.1 Player Reaction to Network Conditions 234 9.5.2 Fairness, Efficiency, and Stability 234 9.5.3 Bufferbloat 235 9.6 Content Delivery Networks 237 9.6.1 CDN Technology 237 9.6.2 Akamai 240 9.6.3 The Future of CDNs 240 9.7 Providers 242 9.7.1 Amazon Instant Video 242 9.7.2 YouTube 242 9.7.3 Netflix 243 9.7.4 Hulu 243 9.7.5 Common Issues for all Providers 244 10 Home Networks 245 10.1 IETF Home Standards 246 10.1.1 IP Address Assignment 247 10.1.2 Name Resolution 247 10.1.3 Service Discovery - Zeroconf and Others 249 10.1.4 Zeroconf Implementations 251 10.2 UPnP 251 10.2.1 Service Discovery - UPnP 253 10.2.2 AV Architecture and its Elements 254 10.3 DLNA 260 10.4 Residential Gateway 261 10.4.1 IMS Integration 262 10.4.2 Network Separation 262 11 High-End IPTV 265 11.1 Overview of DVB IPTV 266 11.2 Live Media Broadcast 268 11.2.1 Retransmission 268 11.2.2 Channel Switch 271 11.3 Datacast Protocols 274 11.3.1 Flute 274 11.3.2 DVB SD&S Transport Protocol 276 11.3.3 Digital Storage Media - Command and Control 278 11.4 Management Functions 279 11.4.1 Service Discovery and Selection 279 11.4.2 Broadband Content Guide 280 11.4.3 Remote and Firmware Management 280 11.5 Content Download Service 282 11.6 Deployments 283 11.7 Companion Screen Application 285 11.8 Set-Top-Box Functions 288 11.9 Integration into Other Systems 289 11.9.1 IPTV and IMS 289 11.9.2 IPTV and IMS and WebRTC 290 11.9.3 IPTV and Home Network 290 12 Solutions and Summary 291 12.1 Global Webcast 291 12.2 Digital Signage Broadcasting 295 12.3 Call Center 297 12.3.1 Functional Components 297 12.3.2 Technical Components 299 12.4 Videoconference and TelePresence 303 12.4.1 Cisco's Telepresence 305 12.4.2 Cisco's Telepresence Transport Specifics 306 12.4.3 Cisco's Telepresence Network Setup 308 12.5 Summary of Requirements versus Solutions 310 References 313 Index 345
