As there are great advances in medical technology, medical facilities available at most of the centres and improved socio-economic conditions, permitted the people to have better life expectancy which is evident in many parts of the world. These enhancements are also redirected in better oral health in a number of patients since they still retain their natural teeth in old age. As a consequence, prosthodontists are expected to encounter a greater number of patients, especially, the elderly. Also, as elderly population continues to increase in proportion, patients with medically compromised conditions will concomitantly rise. When prosthodontists encounter such patients, they should be aware of the effect of various medical conditions and their effects on dental treatment plans and vice versa. Hence, here is a review of the most essential diseases and their management in prosthodontic treatment modalities.