Explains and resolves the electromagnetic compatibility challenges faced by engineers in transportation and communications This book is a mathematically-rich extension of courses required to maintain the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), and the European Union certifications. The text provides an in-depth study of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues related to specific topics in transportation and communications, including Light Rail Transit, shadow effects, and radio dead spots, through the analysis of real-world case studies in the…mehr
Explains and resolves the electromagnetic compatibility challenges faced by engineers in transportation and communications This book is a mathematically-rich extension of courses required to maintain the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), and the European Union certifications. The text provides an in-depth study of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues related to specific topics in transportation and communications, including Light Rail Transit, shadow effects, and radio dead spots, through the analysis of real-world case studies in the United States and Europe. The author provides Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical solutions that can be applied to Maxwell's and Wave Equations. The book covers topics such as SCADA Systems, shielding, and complexities of radio frequencies and their effect on communication houses. The author also provides information for alternative industries to apply the solutions from the case studies and background content to their own professions. * Presents a series of over twenty real-world case studies related to EMC in transportation and communications * Covers power line radiation, shadow effects on subway cars, train control systems, and edge distortions * Includes the OATS testing method and Department of Transportation (DOT) test * Provides access to a companion website housing power point slides and additional appendices Electromagnetic Compatibility: Analysis and Case Studies in Transportation is a reference for practicing engineers involved in transportation and communications, as well as post-graduate engineering students studying transportation and communications in engineering.
Donald G. Baker has been a professional electrical/electronic engineer for over 60 years, including ten years as an adjunct professor. He has contributed to the research and development for delta modulators, audio generators, ultrasonic crack detectors, and conductivity meters. In the last three decades, Professor Baker has been a system engineer for transportation, audio, radio, and SCADA, as well as EMC radio intermodulation and rooftop antenna interference.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xi About the Author xiii About the Companion Website xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Definitions of Commonly Used Terms 2 1.3 Book Sections and Content Overview 8 1.4 Regulations 10 1.5 Background 16 1.6 EMC Testing Methods for FCC Part 15 Radiation Measurements 17 1.7 Canadian Regulations 24 1.8 European Union Regulations 24 1.9 Review Problems 57 1.10 Answers to Review Problems 57 2 Fundamentals of Coupling Culprit to Victim 59 2.1 Radiation Effects on Equipment and Devices 59 2.2 Various Types of Emission Coupling 61 2.3 Intermodulation 64 2.4 Common Mode Rejection Ratio 67 2.5 Susceptibility and Immunity 69 2.6 Filters for EMC 79 2.7 Lightning Stroke Analysis 81 2.8 Skin Effect in Wire 83 2.9 Conclusion 86 2.10 Review Problems 86 2.11 Answers to Review Problems 88 3 Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields 91 3.1 An Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields 91 3.2 Wave Equation Solutions for Cylindrical Coordinate Systems 98 3.3 Wave Equation Solutions for Spherical Coordinate Systems 102 3.4 Review Problems 113 3.5 Answers to Review Problems 114 4 Case Studies and Analysis in Transportation Systems 115 4.1 Background Information for Subway Systems 115 4.2 Case Studies 118 4.3 Tunnel Radiation from a Temporary Antenna Installed on the Catwalk in a Tunnel 142 4.4 Simulcast Interference at the End of the Cut and Cover Subway Tunnel 145 4.5 Tracks Survey 165 4.6 Leaky Radiating Coaxial Cable Analysis 177 4.7 Effect of Rail on 26 Pair Cable Buried Along Right of Way 187 4.8 Radiation Leakage from Way Side Communication Houses and Cabinets 190 4.9 Lightning Rod Ground EMC Installation 192 5 Case Studies and Analysis of LRT Vehicle and Bus Top Antenna Farm Emissions and Other Radio Related Case Studies 199 5.1 Introduction 199 5.2 Circulation Currents in the Ground Plane 201 5.3 Antenna Installation on a Radio Mast Case Study 203 5.4 Unique Testing Technique for EMI and Police Vehicles 210 5.5 Antenna Close to the Edge of the Ground Plane 217 5.6 Case Study: Possible Fade Problem due to Antenna Reflections on the Rooftop of a Locomotive 219 5.7 Case Study: Antenna Reflection and Diffraction at the Edge of the Ground Plane 229 5.8 Antenna Application with Reflection also at the Edge of the Ground Plane 234 5.9 Antenna Application with Reflection between Antennas in a Rooftop Antenna Farm 239 5.10 Antenna Farm Application with Patch Antennas 247 5.11 Review Problems 253 5.12 Answers to Review Problems 255 6 Case Studies and Analysis of Communications Equipment and Cable Shielding and Grounding for Bus and Ferry Operations 263 6.1 Introduction 263 6.2 Communication System Overview 264 6.3 Reflections (Ferry and Bus) 272 6.4 Review Problems 279 6.5 Answers to Review Problems 279 7 Health and Safety Issues with Exposure Limits for Maintenance Workers and the Public 281 7.1 Electromagnetic Emission Safety Limits 281 7.2 EMI Prevention and Control 290 7.3 Analysis of Rails as a Shock Hazard 292 7.4 Lightning and Transient Protection 293 7.5 Power Line Safety Calculations 294 7.6 FCC Regulations 297 7.7 Review Problems 301 7.8 Answers to Review Problems 302 8 Miscellaneous Information Test Plans and Other Information Useful for Analysis 305 8.1 Introduction 305 8.2 EMC Plan 306 8.3 EMC/EMI Performance Evaluation of Communications Equipment 308 8.4 EMC/EMI Design Procedures 317 8.5 Fresnel Zone Clearance 333 8.6 Diffraction Losses 335 8.7 Review Problems 337 8.8 Answers to Review Problems 338 9 Track Circuits and Signals 341 9.1 Introduction 341 9.2 AF Track Circuits 344 9.3 Loop Calculations 352 9.4 Circuit Theory in Loop Calculations 354 9.5 Review Problems 359 9.6 Answers to Review Problems 359 10 Useful Examples 361 10.1 Introduction 361 10.2 Examples 361 References 379 Index 381
Preface xi About the Author xiii About the Companion Website xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Definitions of Commonly Used Terms 2 1.3 Book Sections and Content Overview 8 1.4 Regulations 10 1.5 Background 16 1.6 EMC Testing Methods for FCC Part 15 Radiation Measurements 17 1.7 Canadian Regulations 24 1.8 European Union Regulations 24 1.9 Review Problems 57 1.10 Answers to Review Problems 57 2 Fundamentals of Coupling Culprit to Victim 59 2.1 Radiation Effects on Equipment and Devices 59 2.2 Various Types of Emission Coupling 61 2.3 Intermodulation 64 2.4 Common Mode Rejection Ratio 67 2.5 Susceptibility and Immunity 69 2.6 Filters for EMC 79 2.7 Lightning Stroke Analysis 81 2.8 Skin Effect in Wire 83 2.9 Conclusion 86 2.10 Review Problems 86 2.11 Answers to Review Problems 88 3 Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields 91 3.1 An Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields 91 3.2 Wave Equation Solutions for Cylindrical Coordinate Systems 98 3.3 Wave Equation Solutions for Spherical Coordinate Systems 102 3.4 Review Problems 113 3.5 Answers to Review Problems 114 4 Case Studies and Analysis in Transportation Systems 115 4.1 Background Information for Subway Systems 115 4.2 Case Studies 118 4.3 Tunnel Radiation from a Temporary Antenna Installed on the Catwalk in a Tunnel 142 4.4 Simulcast Interference at the End of the Cut and Cover Subway Tunnel 145 4.5 Tracks Survey 165 4.6 Leaky Radiating Coaxial Cable Analysis 177 4.7 Effect of Rail on 26 Pair Cable Buried Along Right of Way 187 4.8 Radiation Leakage from Way Side Communication Houses and Cabinets 190 4.9 Lightning Rod Ground EMC Installation 192 5 Case Studies and Analysis of LRT Vehicle and Bus Top Antenna Farm Emissions and Other Radio Related Case Studies 199 5.1 Introduction 199 5.2 Circulation Currents in the Ground Plane 201 5.3 Antenna Installation on a Radio Mast Case Study 203 5.4 Unique Testing Technique for EMI and Police Vehicles 210 5.5 Antenna Close to the Edge of the Ground Plane 217 5.6 Case Study: Possible Fade Problem due to Antenna Reflections on the Rooftop of a Locomotive 219 5.7 Case Study: Antenna Reflection and Diffraction at the Edge of the Ground Plane 229 5.8 Antenna Application with Reflection also at the Edge of the Ground Plane 234 5.9 Antenna Application with Reflection between Antennas in a Rooftop Antenna Farm 239 5.10 Antenna Farm Application with Patch Antennas 247 5.11 Review Problems 253 5.12 Answers to Review Problems 255 6 Case Studies and Analysis of Communications Equipment and Cable Shielding and Grounding for Bus and Ferry Operations 263 6.1 Introduction 263 6.2 Communication System Overview 264 6.3 Reflections (Ferry and Bus) 272 6.4 Review Problems 279 6.5 Answers to Review Problems 279 7 Health and Safety Issues with Exposure Limits for Maintenance Workers and the Public 281 7.1 Electromagnetic Emission Safety Limits 281 7.2 EMI Prevention and Control 290 7.3 Analysis of Rails as a Shock Hazard 292 7.4 Lightning and Transient Protection 293 7.5 Power Line Safety Calculations 294 7.6 FCC Regulations 297 7.7 Review Problems 301 7.8 Answers to Review Problems 302 8 Miscellaneous Information Test Plans and Other Information Useful for Analysis 305 8.1 Introduction 305 8.2 EMC Plan 306 8.3 EMC/EMI Performance Evaluation of Communications Equipment 308 8.4 EMC/EMI Design Procedures 317 8.5 Fresnel Zone Clearance 333 8.6 Diffraction Losses 335 8.7 Review Problems 337 8.8 Answers to Review Problems 338 9 Track Circuits and Signals 341 9.1 Introduction 341 9.2 AF Track Circuits 344 9.3 Loop Calculations 352 9.4 Circuit Theory in Loop Calculations 354 9.5 Review Problems 359 9.6 Answers to Review Problems 359 10 Useful Examples 361 10.1 Introduction 361 10.2 Examples 361 References 379 Index 381
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