In Synchronizing 5G Mobile Networks, three leading Cisco mobile networking technology experts thoroughly address the implementation and characterization of several synchronization standards, presenting practical deployment methods, realistic case studies, and well-tested design best practices. They help engineers and network architects understand the definitions captured in contemporary synchronization standards and apply them to design deployable solutions. The authors provide in-depth discussions of key synchronization protocols and profiles including: Synchronous Ethernet standards (G.8262,…mehr
In Synchronizing 5G Mobile Networks, three leading Cisco mobile networking technology experts thoroughly address the implementation and characterization of several synchronization standards, presenting practical deployment methods, realistic case studies, and well-tested design best practices. They help engineers and network architects understand the definitions captured in contemporary synchronization standards and apply them to design deployable solutions. The authors provide in-depth discussions of key synchronization protocols and profiles including: Synchronous Ethernet standards (G.8262, G.8262.1), 1588v2 Telecom profiles, Precision Time Protocol (PTP) profiles (G.8275.1, G.8275.2), PTP performance profile (G.8273.2), Time sensitive networking (IEEE 802.1CM), GPS or GNSS or PRTC requirements as part of G.8272.x, and security requirements for synchronization protocols. They evaluate the design principle of each profile and performance standard, explains its application in 5G Mobility and Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (uRLLC), and help you choose right profiles or protocols for your environment. Detail sections cover network design and migration guidelines, test methodologies and operations and management practices, to help you successfully deploy time synchronization over converged IP networks.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Dennis Hagarty is an experienced technical specialist in the fields of information technology and telecommunications. He has led presales, consulting, and engineering efforts for major utilities, corporations, and service providers in Australasia and Europe. Having worked in numerous technical areas, Dennis has concentrated on the mobile space for almost 30 years and has specialized in timing and synchronization for the last 12 years. In his current role, Dennis is the Cisco communications interface between engineering, field sales teams, and the global Cisco customer community for all matters related to 5G timing and synchronization. This mandate sees him talking with many large service providers, including most of the world's tier 1 mobile operators. Shahid Ajmeri is a senior product manager at Cisco with responsibility for leading its 5G transport and mobile edge architecture strategy. He has more than 20 years of experience in the service provider industry, focusing on various technologies ranging from 3G/4G to 5G mobile networks, mobile edge computing, telco data center, service provider security, time synchronization, and end-to-end network design. Shahid has been instrumental in driving network transformation projects and architecting next-generation networks for customers across the globe. He currently works across disciplines, bringing together engineering, standards development organizations, and customers to develop and translate product requirements from industry and standard-setting bodies to the market. Anshul Tanwar is a principal engineer at Cisco Systems, where he is known as a technologist with a combination of R&D expertise and business sensibility. During his tenure of more than 20 years at Cisco, Anshul has architected many routing and switching products used by large tier 1 mobile and Metro Ethernet service providers across the world. He has led the SyncE and PTP architecture definition and implementation for multiple access and pre-aggregation routers in Cisco. In his most recent role, Anshul was responsible for defining the deployment architecture of phase timing synchronization for one of the world's largest service provider LTE/LTE-A networks. He is also a co-inventor on three patents, including one covering synchronization.
Inhaltsangabe
Foreword xxi Introduction xxiii Part I Fundamentals of Synchronization and Timing Chapter 1 Introduction to Synchronization and Timing 1 Overview of Time Synchronization 1 What Is Synchronization and Why Is It Needed? 3 What Is Time? 10 How Can GPS Provide Timing and Synchronization? 13 Accuracy Versus Precision Versus Stability 15 Summary 16 References in This Chapter 16 Chapter 1 Acronyms Key 16 Further Reading 17 Chapter 2 Usage of Synchronization and Timing 19 Use of Synchronization in Telecommunications 20 Use of Time Synchronization in Finance, Business, and Enterprise 28 Industrial Uses of TimePower Industry 33 Summary 34 References in This Chapter 34 Chapter 2 Acronyms Key 35 Chapter 3 Synchronization and Timing Concepts 39 Synchronous Networks Overview 40 Clocks 54 Sources of Frequency, Phase, and Time 66 Timing Distribution Network 82 Consumer of Time and Sync (the End Application) 88 Summary 89 References in This Chapter 89 Chapter 3 Acronyms Key 92 Further Reading 95 Part II SDOs, Clocks, and Timing Protocols Chapter 4 Standards Development Organizations 97 International Telecommunication Union 98 International Mobile Telecommunications 104 3rd Generation Partnership Project 106 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 109 European Telecommunications Standards Institute 116 Internet Engineering Task Force 118 Radio Access Network 120 MEF Forum 126 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and Audio Engineering Society 127 Summary 128 References in This Chapter 129 Chapter 4 Acronyms Key 132 Further Reading 137 Chapter 5 Clocks, Time Error, and Noise 139 Clocks 139 Time Error 154 Holdover Performance 169 Transient Response 172 Measuring Time Error 173 References in This Chapter 175 Chapter 5 Acronyms Key 175 Further Reading 177 Chapter 6 Physical Frequency Synchronization 179 Evolution of Frequency Synchronization 180 BITS and SSU 181 Clocking Hierarchy 185 Synchronous Ethernet 187 Enhanced Synchronous Ethernet 189 Clock Traceability 189 Synchronization Network Chain 197 Clock Selection Process 199 Timing Loops 201 Standardization 207 Summary 207 References in This Chapter 208 Chapter 6 Acronyms Key 209 Further Reading 211 Chapter 7 Precision Time Protocol 213 History and Overview of PTP 214 PTP Versus NTP 215 IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2) 216 PTP Clocks 242 Profiles 250 PTP Security 273 IEEE 1588-2019 (PTPv2.1) 275 Summary 280 References in This Chapter 280 Chapter 7 Acronyms Key 283 Part III Standards, Recommendations, and Deployment Considerations Chapter 8 ITU-T Timing Recommendations 289 Overview of the ITU 290 ITU-T Study Group 15 and Question 13 291 Reading the Recommendations 299 ITU-T Physical and TDM Timing Recommendations 299 ITU-T Recommendations for Frequency in Packet Networks 310 ITU-T Packet-Based Timing Recommendations 316 Possible Future Changes in Recommendations 340 Summary 341 References in This Chapter 341 Chapter 8 Acronyms Key 342 Further Reading 346 Chapter 9 PTP Deployment Considerations 347 Deployment and Usage 348 Factors Impacting Timing Performance 380 Parameters for Timing Performance 383 Clock Performance 401 Budgeting End-to-End Time Error 419 Network Holdover 422 Packet Network Topologies 424 Packet Transport 426 Non-Mobile Deployments 430 Summary 434 References in This Chapter 435 Chapter 9 Acronyms Key 437 Further Reading 442 Part IV Timing Requirements, Solutions, and Testing Chapter 10 Mobile Timing Requirements 443 Evolution of Cellular Networks 444 Timing Requirements for Mobility Networks 448 Timing Requirements for LTE and LTE-A 455 Evolution of the 5G Architecture 478 5G New Radio Synchronization Requirements 496 Summary 509 References in This Chapter 510 Chapter 10 Acronyms Key 512 Further Reading 517 Chapter 11 5G Timing Solutions 519 Deployment Considerations for Mobile Timing 520 Frequency-Only Deployments 535 Frequency, Phase, and Time Deployment Options 538 Midhaul and Fronthaul Timing 550 Timing Security and MACsec 556 Summary 564 References in This Chapter 565 Chapter 11 Acronyms Key 567 Further Reading 571 Chapter 12 Operating and Verifying Timing Solutions 573 Hardware and Software Solution Requirements 574 Writing a Request for Proposal 587 Testing Timing 590 Automation and Assurance 629 Troubleshooting and Field Testing 635 Summary 648 Conclusion 649 References in This Chapter 649 Chapter 12 Acronyms Key 653 Further Reading 658 9780136836254, TOC, 5/3/2021
Foreword xxi Introduction xxiii Part I Fundamentals of Synchronization and Timing Chapter 1 Introduction to Synchronization and Timing 1 Overview of Time Synchronization 1 What Is Synchronization and Why Is It Needed? 3 What Is Time? 10 How Can GPS Provide Timing and Synchronization? 13 Accuracy Versus Precision Versus Stability 15 Summary 16 References in This Chapter 16 Chapter 1 Acronyms Key 16 Further Reading 17 Chapter 2 Usage of Synchronization and Timing 19 Use of Synchronization in Telecommunications 20 Use of Time Synchronization in Finance, Business, and Enterprise 28 Industrial Uses of TimePower Industry 33 Summary 34 References in This Chapter 34 Chapter 2 Acronyms Key 35 Chapter 3 Synchronization and Timing Concepts 39 Synchronous Networks Overview 40 Clocks 54 Sources of Frequency, Phase, and Time 66 Timing Distribution Network 82 Consumer of Time and Sync (the End Application) 88 Summary 89 References in This Chapter 89 Chapter 3 Acronyms Key 92 Further Reading 95 Part II SDOs, Clocks, and Timing Protocols Chapter 4 Standards Development Organizations 97 International Telecommunication Union 98 International Mobile Telecommunications 104 3rd Generation Partnership Project 106 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 109 European Telecommunications Standards Institute 116 Internet Engineering Task Force 118 Radio Access Network 120 MEF Forum 126 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and Audio Engineering Society 127 Summary 128 References in This Chapter 129 Chapter 4 Acronyms Key 132 Further Reading 137 Chapter 5 Clocks, Time Error, and Noise 139 Clocks 139 Time Error 154 Holdover Performance 169 Transient Response 172 Measuring Time Error 173 References in This Chapter 175 Chapter 5 Acronyms Key 175 Further Reading 177 Chapter 6 Physical Frequency Synchronization 179 Evolution of Frequency Synchronization 180 BITS and SSU 181 Clocking Hierarchy 185 Synchronous Ethernet 187 Enhanced Synchronous Ethernet 189 Clock Traceability 189 Synchronization Network Chain 197 Clock Selection Process 199 Timing Loops 201 Standardization 207 Summary 207 References in This Chapter 208 Chapter 6 Acronyms Key 209 Further Reading 211 Chapter 7 Precision Time Protocol 213 History and Overview of PTP 214 PTP Versus NTP 215 IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2) 216 PTP Clocks 242 Profiles 250 PTP Security 273 IEEE 1588-2019 (PTPv2.1) 275 Summary 280 References in This Chapter 280 Chapter 7 Acronyms Key 283 Part III Standards, Recommendations, and Deployment Considerations Chapter 8 ITU-T Timing Recommendations 289 Overview of the ITU 290 ITU-T Study Group 15 and Question 13 291 Reading the Recommendations 299 ITU-T Physical and TDM Timing Recommendations 299 ITU-T Recommendations for Frequency in Packet Networks 310 ITU-T Packet-Based Timing Recommendations 316 Possible Future Changes in Recommendations 340 Summary 341 References in This Chapter 341 Chapter 8 Acronyms Key 342 Further Reading 346 Chapter 9 PTP Deployment Considerations 347 Deployment and Usage 348 Factors Impacting Timing Performance 380 Parameters for Timing Performance 383 Clock Performance 401 Budgeting End-to-End Time Error 419 Network Holdover 422 Packet Network Topologies 424 Packet Transport 426 Non-Mobile Deployments 430 Summary 434 References in This Chapter 435 Chapter 9 Acronyms Key 437 Further Reading 442 Part IV Timing Requirements, Solutions, and Testing Chapter 10 Mobile Timing Requirements 443 Evolution of Cellular Networks 444 Timing Requirements for Mobility Networks 448 Timing Requirements for LTE and LTE-A 455 Evolution of the 5G Architecture 478 5G New Radio Synchronization Requirements 496 Summary 509 References in This Chapter 510 Chapter 10 Acronyms Key 512 Further Reading 517 Chapter 11 5G Timing Solutions 519 Deployment Considerations for Mobile Timing 520 Frequency-Only Deployments 535 Frequency, Phase, and Time Deployment Options 538 Midhaul and Fronthaul Timing 550 Timing Security and MACsec 556 Summary 564 References in This Chapter 565 Chapter 11 Acronyms Key 567 Further Reading 571 Chapter 12 Operating and Verifying Timing Solutions 573 Hardware and Software Solution Requirements 574 Writing a Request for Proposal 587 Testing Timing 590 Automation and Assurance 629 Troubleshooting and Field Testing 635 Summary 648 Conclusion 649 References in This Chapter 649 Chapter 12 Acronyms Key 653 Further Reading 658 9780136836254, TOC, 5/3/2021
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