The fusion of the surface of a dental implant with the surrounding bone plays a crucial role in the longevity and the function of the implant-supported prosthesis. While the most important biological event in the clinical healing phase of dental implants is cell adhesion at the interface between the host tissue and the implant which is commonly known as the process of osseointegration. This structural and functional union of the implant with living bone or the host is complex process and is greatly influenced by the surface properties of the implant including the chemical, physical, mechanical, and topographic characteristics of its surface. This book gives us an insight about the design of dental implants and modification of their surfaces, helping the clinician to maximize the success rate of implants and diminish the complications that are encountered after their placement by understanding how surface modification of dental implants can impact osseointegration.