The work examines the nexus between urbanisation and environmental sustainability in Mbarara Municipality.It mainly analyses the extent to which urbanisation has negatively impacted on the environmentary sensitive areas of mbarara Municipality, Uganda. The work specifically analyses the challenges of urbanisation on environmentally sensitive areas.It examines the effects of Urbanisation on this fragile environment and explores the measures that can harmonise the pressures of human habitation with the need to conserve the environment for future generations.