Soil is the chief source of the farmers and it is the basis of natural as well as national wealth. The knowledge of soils in respect to its characteristics, spatial distribution and its potential for various land use are much importance for their optimal utilization. Unless the behaviour of all the soils is understood it is very difficult to practice scientific agriculture. Enhancing the crop productivity with environmental sustainability through suitable soil and water management intervention is the need of the hour. This book is prepared based on a PhD dissertation of the author that attempted to address these issues focusing on the soil resource information and crop planning in the Cauvery Delta of Tamilnadu. Based on the three years work on soil survey, soil suitability and crop planning using Remote Sensing and GIS,soil resource based crop planning and soil management techniques were developed for sustain the crop production. It provides the state of the art literature review, including on methodologies of the land evaluation and standard methods of soil survey and quality assessment. The soil inventory, water budgeting and land use options makes the core chapters.