Restoring vital teeth with minimal sacrifice of sound tooth structure depends mainly on restorations that provide strong and durable bonding to the remaining sound enamel and dentin. Vital restoration not only mechanically replaces the lost part but, acts as a medium through which physical and mechanical forces are transmitted to the tooth and investing tissues. Each tooth has its own stress patterns. A thorough knowledge in dental materials is necessary to understand the physical properties including their response to stress. This book describes in detail the various factors which affect the long term prognosis of the restoration like occlusion,occlusal forces acting on the restoration, remaining tooth structure and the suitable materials available that may enhance the strength of the tooth after restoration.