H. W. S. Cleveland (1814-1900) first explored his "organic" design approach in 1855 at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts, where he and Robert Morris Copeland developed a landscape aesthetic based chiefly on the writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Landscape Architecture, as Applied to the Wants of the West (1873) is especially significant as the first attempt to define a comprehensive scope for the new profession of landscape architecture in its formative period.