In this book, design and implementation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for a robot based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed. The mobile robot performs the function of detection and avoidance of obstacles in unknown environments. The hardware implementation of the proposed system used: FPGA, Infrared (IR) sensors, Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs), motor driver and DC motor mobile robot. The adaptation of ANN depends on the Back-Propagation (BP) algorithm and seven sub-algorithms trained to optimize the performance of the ANN.