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This book offers an insight into the insulation failures in GIS/GIL and provides practical guidance for improving the insulation reliability of epoxy-based spacers. High voltage gas-insulated apparatuses, including gas-insulated switchgears (GIS) and transmission lines (GIL), playing an important role in the global power transmission system. Epoxy-based spacers are key components in GIS/GIL, playing the role of electrical insulation and mechanical support. However, insulation failures frequently occur around the epoxy-based spacers, threatening the safe operation of the electric power system.…mehr
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This book offers an insight into the insulation failures in GIS/GIL and provides practical guidance for improving the insulation reliability of epoxy-based spacers. High voltage gas-insulated apparatuses, including gas-insulated switchgears (GIS) and transmission lines (GIL), playing an important role in the global power transmission system. Epoxy-based spacers are key components in GIS/GIL, playing the role of electrical insulation and mechanical support. However, insulation failures frequently occur around the epoxy-based spacers, threatening the safe operation of the electric power system. Three topics make up this book, with seven to nine chapters in each topic. In the first topic, the surface charging and discharging behaviors of epoxy-based spacers are discussed to deepen the readers’ understanding on the insulation problems in GIS/GIL. And the insulation breakdown of epoxy-based spacers is found to be closely related to the electric field distortion under complex operating conditions. In the second topic, original researches on the surface functionally graded materials (SFGM) are presented for relaxing the electric field distortion around the epoxy-based spacers in both AC and DC GIS/GIL, and a series of optimization methods and fabrication techniques for the SFGM spacers are introduced and discussed. In the last topic, the nonlinear conductivity materials (NCM), also known as self-adaptive materials or intelligent materials, are applied as coatings to adaptively regulate the electric field distributions along the surfaces of the epoxy-based spacers. Besides, the concept of the multi-dimensional functionally graded materials (MFGM) is proposed to uniform the electric field distributions in DC GIS/GIL under stationary and transient voltages, exhibiting great potential in the future application.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
- Erscheinungstermin: 13. November 2022
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9789811971112
- Artikelnr.: 66408015
- Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
- Erscheinungstermin: 13. November 2022
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9789811971112
- Artikelnr.: 66408015
Boxue Du received the M.E. degree in electrical engineering from Ibaraki University and the Ph.D. degree from Tokyo University of A&T. During 1996 to 2002, he was with The Niigata Institute of Science and Technology, Japan and was an Associate Professor. From 2000 to 2002, he was a Visiting Scientist at Niigata University, Japan. Since 2002 he has been a Professor and Director-founder of the Institute of High Voltage at the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, China. His research interests are focused on dielectric failure mechanisms of polymer insulating materials, polymer dielectrics for energy storage, electrical insulation technology and application of polymer dielectrics under various extreme environments such as cryogenic, high temperature, high altitude, gamma-ray irradiation and high-intensity magnetic field. He has published 5 books and 25 book chapters in Polymer Dielectrics, and authored about 700 papers and over 210 of them published in IEEE Transactions. He has also served industry and start-ups as a consultant. He is an Editorial Boards Member of High Voltage, Journal of Electronics and Advanced Electrical Engineering, Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clear Energy, Chinese Journal of High Voltage Engineering, Insulation Materials and Electrical Engineering. He is a Fellow of IET, member at several WG in CIGRE and several Standards Committees in IEEE. He is an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, a Subject Editor of IET Nanodielectrics, and was an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation and IEEE Access.
1 Electric Field Distribution around Basin-type Spacer in DC-GIS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Mathematical Model 1.3 Results and Discussion 1.4 Conclusion 2 Gas Convection Affecting Surface Charge and Electric Field Distribution around Tri-post Insulators in DC-GIL 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Simulation and Parameters 2.3 Results and Discussion 2.4 Conclusion 3 Polarity Reversal and Over Voltage Affecting Discharge Inception of Tri-post Insulator in DC-GIL 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Simulation and Parameters 3.3 Results and Discussion 3.4 Conclusion 4 Simulation on Surface Charge Accumulation of Epoxy Resin under Needle-Plane Corona Discharge in Air 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Simulation Model 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.4 Conclusion 5 Surface Charge Dynamic Behaviors of Epoxy Resin under Combined Effects of DC and Pulse Voltages 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Experimental Arrangement 5.3 Results and Discussion 5.4 Conclusion 6 Surface Charge Accumulation and Decay Behaviors of Epoxy Resin under Combined Effects of AC and Pulse Voltages 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Experimental Arrangement 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.4 Conclusion 7 Effects of Surface Charge on DC Flashover Characteristics of Epoxy/BN Nanocomposites 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Experimental Arrangement 7.3 Results and Discussion 7.4 Conclusion 8 Temperature Dependent Surface Charge and Discharge Behaviors of Epoxy/AIN Nanocomposites 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Experimental Arrangement 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.4 Conclusion 9 Surface Charging and Discharging Behaviors of Epoxy-Based Spacer in DC-GIL 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Experimental Arrangement 9.3 Surface Charge and Flashover Characteristics under DC stress 9.4 Conclusion Surface Functionally Graded Materials for GIL/GIS 10 Surface Functionally Graded Insulator for Electric Field Grading in AC Gas Insulated Power Apparatus 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Concept of SFGM 10.3 Fabrication of SFGM Insulator 10.4 Electric Field Simulation 10.5 Flashover Test Results 10.6 Conclusions 11 Epoxy-based Insulator with Permittivity-graded Surface Layer by Magnetron Sputtering for Gas- insulated Lines 11.1 Introduction 11.2 BaTiO3 Layer Deposition 11.3 Simulation and Optimization 11.4 SFGM Insulator Fabrication 11.5 Results and Discussion 11.6 Conclusions 12 Electric Field Relaxation by Surface Functionally Graded Spacer for Compact HVDC Gas Insulated Apparatus 12.1 Introduction 12.2 σ-SFGM for Electrical Field Relaxation 12.3 Fabrication of σ-SFGM Spacer 12.4 Flashover Voltage of σ-SFGM Spacer 12.5 Conclusions 13 Novel Insulator with Surface σ-FGM for DC compact Gas Insulated Pipeline 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Novel Insulator with Interfacial σ-FGM 13.3 Novel insulator with Interfacial σ-FGM 13.4 Electric Field Simulation 13.5 Improved Flashover Voltage
13.6 Conclusions 14 Epoxy-based Insulator with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material for HVDC Gas Insulated Pipeline by Sputtering 14.1 Introduction 14.2 SFGM Fabrication by Fluorination 14.3 Optimization of Insulator with SFGM 14.4 Electric Field Calculation 14.5 Flashover Test 14.6 Conclusions 15 Electric Field Optimization of Epoxy-based Spacer with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material (σ- SFGM) by Electrospinning 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Simulation Study 15.3 Experimental Study 15.4 Conclusions 16 Parameter Design of Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Materials (ε/σ-MFGM) for Epoxy- based Spacers in HVDC GIL/GIS 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Surface Functionally Graded Material 16.3 Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Material 16.4 Conclusions Electric Field Adaptive Materials for GIL/GIS 17 Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics and Mechanisms of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Experimental Arrangement 17.3 Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.4 Conductive and Breakdown Characteristics of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.5 Simulation and Analysis of Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics 17.6 Conclusions 18 Electrical Field Simulation of Epoxy Spacer with Nonlinear Conductivity for DC GIL 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Geometric Model and Governing Equations 18.3 Simulation Results and Analysis 18.4 Conclusions 19 Field-adaptive Materials for Epoxy-based Insulator in HVDC GIL 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Simulation of IER Insulator Application 19.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 19.4 Electrical Simulation Results 19.5 Experimental Results and Discussion 19.6 Conclusions 20 Fabrication and Evaluation of Field-adaptive Insulator for DC-GIL Application 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Insulator Preparation and Basic Tests 20.3 Simulation and Experimental Setup 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.5 Conclusions 21 Epoxy-based Spacer with Functionally Graded Zno Film for HVDC Gas Insulated Line 21.1 Introduction 21.2 ZnO Film Deposition and Test 21.3 Spacer Optimization and Fabrication 21.4 Electrical Insulation Performance 21.5 Conclusions 22 Regulating Electric Field around Post-type Insulator in DC-GIL for ITER Neutral Beam Injector 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Simulation model 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusions 23 Electric Field Optimization and Parameter Design of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacer for ±500 kV DC-GIL 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Simulation Model 23.3 Surface Charge and Electric Field distributions under Different Conditions 23.4 Parameter Optimization of SNC Spacer 23.5 Conclusion 24 Surface Charge and Electric Field Regulation of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacers 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Design and Fabrication of SNC Spacers 24.3 Electric Field Measurement on Electrode Surfaces 24.4 Surface Charging and Discharging Characteristics of SNC Spacers 24.5 Regulating Effects of SNC Spacers under Different Testing Conditions 24.6 Conclusion 25 Electric Field Control by Multi-dimensional Functional Materials for DC-GIS Spacer 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Design Concept and Simulation 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.4 Conclusion
13.6 Conclusions 14 Epoxy-based Insulator with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material for HVDC Gas Insulated Pipeline by Sputtering 14.1 Introduction 14.2 SFGM Fabrication by Fluorination 14.3 Optimization of Insulator with SFGM 14.4 Electric Field Calculation 14.5 Flashover Test 14.6 Conclusions 15 Electric Field Optimization of Epoxy-based Spacer with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material (σ- SFGM) by Electrospinning 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Simulation Study 15.3 Experimental Study 15.4 Conclusions 16 Parameter Design of Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Materials (ε/σ-MFGM) for Epoxy- based Spacers in HVDC GIL/GIS 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Surface Functionally Graded Material 16.3 Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Material 16.4 Conclusions Electric Field Adaptive Materials for GIL/GIS 17 Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics and Mechanisms of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Experimental Arrangement 17.3 Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.4 Conductive and Breakdown Characteristics of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.5 Simulation and Analysis of Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics 17.6 Conclusions 18 Electrical Field Simulation of Epoxy Spacer with Nonlinear Conductivity for DC GIL 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Geometric Model and Governing Equations 18.3 Simulation Results and Analysis 18.4 Conclusions 19 Field-adaptive Materials for Epoxy-based Insulator in HVDC GIL 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Simulation of IER Insulator Application 19.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 19.4 Electrical Simulation Results 19.5 Experimental Results and Discussion 19.6 Conclusions 20 Fabrication and Evaluation of Field-adaptive Insulator for DC-GIL Application 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Insulator Preparation and Basic Tests 20.3 Simulation and Experimental Setup 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.5 Conclusions 21 Epoxy-based Spacer with Functionally Graded Zno Film for HVDC Gas Insulated Line 21.1 Introduction 21.2 ZnO Film Deposition and Test 21.3 Spacer Optimization and Fabrication 21.4 Electrical Insulation Performance 21.5 Conclusions 22 Regulating Electric Field around Post-type Insulator in DC-GIL for ITER Neutral Beam Injector 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Simulation model 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusions 23 Electric Field Optimization and Parameter Design of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacer for ±500 kV DC-GIL 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Simulation Model 23.3 Surface Charge and Electric Field distributions under Different Conditions 23.4 Parameter Optimization of SNC Spacer 23.5 Conclusion 24 Surface Charge and Electric Field Regulation of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacers 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Design and Fabrication of SNC Spacers 24.3 Electric Field Measurement on Electrode Surfaces 24.4 Surface Charging and Discharging Characteristics of SNC Spacers 24.5 Regulating Effects of SNC Spacers under Different Testing Conditions 24.6 Conclusion 25 Electric Field Control by Multi-dimensional Functional Materials for DC-GIS Spacer 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Design Concept and Simulation 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.4 Conclusion
1 Electric Field Distribution around Basin-type Spacer in DC-GIS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Mathematical Model 1.3 Results and Discussion 1.4 Conclusion 2 Gas Convection Affecting Surface Charge and Electric Field Distribution around Tri-post Insulators in DC-GIL 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Simulation and Parameters 2.3 Results and Discussion 2.4 Conclusion 3 Polarity Reversal and Over Voltage Affecting Discharge Inception of Tri-post Insulator in DC-GIL 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Simulation and Parameters 3.3 Results and Discussion 3.4 Conclusion 4 Simulation on Surface Charge Accumulation of Epoxy Resin under Needle-Plane Corona Discharge in Air 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Simulation Model 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.4 Conclusion 5 Surface Charge Dynamic Behaviors of Epoxy Resin under Combined Effects of DC and Pulse Voltages 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Experimental Arrangement 5.3 Results and Discussion 5.4 Conclusion 6 Surface Charge Accumulation and Decay Behaviors of Epoxy Resin under Combined Effects of AC and Pulse Voltages 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Experimental Arrangement 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.4 Conclusion 7 Effects of Surface Charge on DC Flashover Characteristics of Epoxy/BN Nanocomposites 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Experimental Arrangement 7.3 Results and Discussion 7.4 Conclusion 8 Temperature Dependent Surface Charge and Discharge Behaviors of Epoxy/AIN Nanocomposites 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Experimental Arrangement 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.4 Conclusion 9 Surface Charging and Discharging Behaviors of Epoxy-Based Spacer in DC-GIL 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Experimental Arrangement 9.3 Surface Charge and Flashover Characteristics under DC stress 9.4 Conclusion Surface Functionally Graded Materials for GIL/GIS 10 Surface Functionally Graded Insulator for Electric Field Grading in AC Gas Insulated Power Apparatus 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Concept of SFGM 10.3 Fabrication of SFGM Insulator 10.4 Electric Field Simulation 10.5 Flashover Test Results 10.6 Conclusions 11 Epoxy-based Insulator with Permittivity-graded Surface Layer by Magnetron Sputtering for Gas-insulated Lines 11.1 Introduction 11.2 BaTiO3 Layer Deposition 11.3 Simulation and Optimization 11.4 SFGM Insulator Fabrication 11.5 Results and Discussion 11.6 Conclusions 12 Electric Field Relaxation by Surface Functionally Graded Spacer for Compact HVDC Gas Insulated Apparatus 12.1 Introduction 12.2 s-SFGM for Electrical Field Relaxation 12.3 Fabrication of s-SFGM Spacer 12.4 Flashover Voltage of s-SFGM Spacer 12.5 Conclusions 13 Novel Insulator with Surface s-FGM for DC compact Gas Insulated Pipeline 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Novel Insulator with Interfacial s-FGM 13.3 Novel insulator with Interfacial s-FGM 13.4 Electric Field Simulation 13.5 Improved Flashover Voltage
13.6 Conclusions 14 Epoxy-based Insulator with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material for HVDC Gas Insulated Pipeline by Sputtering 14.1 Introduction 14.2 SFGM Fabrication by Fluorination 14.3 Optimization of Insulator with SFGM 14.4 Electric Field Calculation 14.5 Flashover Test 14.6 Conclusions 15 Electric Field Optimization of Epoxy-based Spacer with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material (s-SFGM) by Electrospinning 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Simulation Study 15.3 Experimental Study 15.4 Conclusions 16 Parameter Design of Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Materials ( /s-MFGM) for Epoxy-based Spacers in HVDC GIL/GIS 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Surface Functionally Graded Material 16.3 Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Material 16.4 Conclusions Electric Field Adaptive Materials for GIL/GIS 17 Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics and Mechanisms of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Experimental Arrangement 17.3 Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.4 Conductive and Breakdown Characteristics of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.5 Simulation and Analysis of Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics 17.6 Conclusions 18 Electrical Field Simulation of Epoxy Spacer with Nonlinear Conductivity for DC GIL 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Geometric Model and Governing Equations 18.3 Simulation Results and Analysis 18.4 Conclusions 19 Field-adaptive Materials for Epoxy-based Insulator in HVDC GIL 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Simulation of IER Insulator Application 19.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 19.4 Electrical Simulation Results 19.5 Experimental Results and Discussion 19.6 Conclusions 20 Fabrication and Evaluation of Field-adaptive Insulator for DC-GIL Application 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Insulator Preparation and Basic Tests 20.3 Simulation and Experimental Setup 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.5 Conclusions 21 Epoxy-based Spacer with Functionally Graded Zno Film for HVDC Gas Insulated Line 21.1 Introduction 21.2 ZnO Film Deposition and Test 21.3 Spacer Optimization and Fabrication 21.4 Electrical Insulation Performance 21.5 Conclusions 22 Regulating Electric Field around Post-type Insulator in DC-GIL for ITER Neutral Beam Injector 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Simulation model 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusions 23 Electric Field Optimization and Parameter Design of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacer for ±500 kV DC-GIL 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Simulation Model 23.3 Surface Charge and Electric Field distributions under Different Conditions 23.4 Parameter Optimization of SNC Spacer 23.5 Conclusion 24 Surface Charge and Electric Field Regulation of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacers 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Design and Fabrication of SNC Spacers 24.3 Electric Field Measurement on Electrode Surfaces 24.4 Surface Charging and Discharging Characteristics of SNC Spacers 24.5 Regulating Effects of SNC Spacers under Different Testing Conditions 24.6 Conclusion 25 Electric Field Control by Multi-dimensional Functional Materials for DC-GIS Spacer 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Design Concept and Simulation 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.4 Conclusion
13.6 Conclusions 14 Epoxy-based Insulator with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material for HVDC Gas Insulated Pipeline by Sputtering 14.1 Introduction 14.2 SFGM Fabrication by Fluorination 14.3 Optimization of Insulator with SFGM 14.4 Electric Field Calculation 14.5 Flashover Test 14.6 Conclusions 15 Electric Field Optimization of Epoxy-based Spacer with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material (s-SFGM) by Electrospinning 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Simulation Study 15.3 Experimental Study 15.4 Conclusions 16 Parameter Design of Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Materials ( /s-MFGM) for Epoxy-based Spacers in HVDC GIL/GIS 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Surface Functionally Graded Material 16.3 Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Material 16.4 Conclusions Electric Field Adaptive Materials for GIL/GIS 17 Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics and Mechanisms of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Experimental Arrangement 17.3 Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.4 Conductive and Breakdown Characteristics of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.5 Simulation and Analysis of Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics 17.6 Conclusions 18 Electrical Field Simulation of Epoxy Spacer with Nonlinear Conductivity for DC GIL 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Geometric Model and Governing Equations 18.3 Simulation Results and Analysis 18.4 Conclusions 19 Field-adaptive Materials for Epoxy-based Insulator in HVDC GIL 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Simulation of IER Insulator Application 19.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 19.4 Electrical Simulation Results 19.5 Experimental Results and Discussion 19.6 Conclusions 20 Fabrication and Evaluation of Field-adaptive Insulator for DC-GIL Application 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Insulator Preparation and Basic Tests 20.3 Simulation and Experimental Setup 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.5 Conclusions 21 Epoxy-based Spacer with Functionally Graded Zno Film for HVDC Gas Insulated Line 21.1 Introduction 21.2 ZnO Film Deposition and Test 21.3 Spacer Optimization and Fabrication 21.4 Electrical Insulation Performance 21.5 Conclusions 22 Regulating Electric Field around Post-type Insulator in DC-GIL for ITER Neutral Beam Injector 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Simulation model 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusions 23 Electric Field Optimization and Parameter Design of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacer for ±500 kV DC-GIL 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Simulation Model 23.3 Surface Charge and Electric Field distributions under Different Conditions 23.4 Parameter Optimization of SNC Spacer 23.5 Conclusion 24 Surface Charge and Electric Field Regulation of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacers 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Design and Fabrication of SNC Spacers 24.3 Electric Field Measurement on Electrode Surfaces 24.4 Surface Charging and Discharging Characteristics of SNC Spacers 24.5 Regulating Effects of SNC Spacers under Different Testing Conditions 24.6 Conclusion 25 Electric Field Control by Multi-dimensional Functional Materials for DC-GIS Spacer 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Design Concept and Simulation 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.4 Conclusion
1 Electric Field Distribution around Basin-type Spacer in DC-GIS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Mathematical Model 1.3 Results and Discussion 1.4 Conclusion 2 Gas Convection Affecting Surface Charge and Electric Field Distribution around Tri-post Insulators in DC-GIL 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Simulation and Parameters 2.3 Results and Discussion 2.4 Conclusion 3 Polarity Reversal and Over Voltage Affecting Discharge Inception of Tri-post Insulator in DC-GIL 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Simulation and Parameters 3.3 Results and Discussion 3.4 Conclusion 4 Simulation on Surface Charge Accumulation of Epoxy Resin under Needle-Plane Corona Discharge in Air 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Simulation Model 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.4 Conclusion 5 Surface Charge Dynamic Behaviors of Epoxy Resin under Combined Effects of DC and Pulse Voltages 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Experimental Arrangement 5.3 Results and Discussion 5.4 Conclusion 6 Surface Charge Accumulation and Decay Behaviors of Epoxy Resin under Combined Effects of AC and Pulse Voltages 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Experimental Arrangement 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.4 Conclusion 7 Effects of Surface Charge on DC Flashover Characteristics of Epoxy/BN Nanocomposites 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Experimental Arrangement 7.3 Results and Discussion 7.4 Conclusion 8 Temperature Dependent Surface Charge and Discharge Behaviors of Epoxy/AIN Nanocomposites 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Experimental Arrangement 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.4 Conclusion 9 Surface Charging and Discharging Behaviors of Epoxy-Based Spacer in DC-GIL 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Experimental Arrangement 9.3 Surface Charge and Flashover Characteristics under DC stress 9.4 Conclusion Surface Functionally Graded Materials for GIL/GIS 10 Surface Functionally Graded Insulator for Electric Field Grading in AC Gas Insulated Power Apparatus 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Concept of SFGM 10.3 Fabrication of SFGM Insulator 10.4 Electric Field Simulation 10.5 Flashover Test Results 10.6 Conclusions 11 Epoxy-based Insulator with Permittivity-graded Surface Layer by Magnetron Sputtering for Gas- insulated Lines 11.1 Introduction 11.2 BaTiO3 Layer Deposition 11.3 Simulation and Optimization 11.4 SFGM Insulator Fabrication 11.5 Results and Discussion 11.6 Conclusions 12 Electric Field Relaxation by Surface Functionally Graded Spacer for Compact HVDC Gas Insulated Apparatus 12.1 Introduction 12.2 σ-SFGM for Electrical Field Relaxation 12.3 Fabrication of σ-SFGM Spacer 12.4 Flashover Voltage of σ-SFGM Spacer 12.5 Conclusions 13 Novel Insulator with Surface σ-FGM for DC compact Gas Insulated Pipeline 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Novel Insulator with Interfacial σ-FGM 13.3 Novel insulator with Interfacial σ-FGM 13.4 Electric Field Simulation 13.5 Improved Flashover Voltage
13.6 Conclusions 14 Epoxy-based Insulator with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material for HVDC Gas Insulated Pipeline by Sputtering 14.1 Introduction 14.2 SFGM Fabrication by Fluorination 14.3 Optimization of Insulator with SFGM 14.4 Electric Field Calculation 14.5 Flashover Test 14.6 Conclusions 15 Electric Field Optimization of Epoxy-based Spacer with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material (σ- SFGM) by Electrospinning 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Simulation Study 15.3 Experimental Study 15.4 Conclusions 16 Parameter Design of Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Materials (ε/σ-MFGM) for Epoxy- based Spacers in HVDC GIL/GIS 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Surface Functionally Graded Material 16.3 Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Material 16.4 Conclusions Electric Field Adaptive Materials for GIL/GIS 17 Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics and Mechanisms of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Experimental Arrangement 17.3 Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.4 Conductive and Breakdown Characteristics of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.5 Simulation and Analysis of Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics 17.6 Conclusions 18 Electrical Field Simulation of Epoxy Spacer with Nonlinear Conductivity for DC GIL 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Geometric Model and Governing Equations 18.3 Simulation Results and Analysis 18.4 Conclusions 19 Field-adaptive Materials for Epoxy-based Insulator in HVDC GIL 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Simulation of IER Insulator Application 19.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 19.4 Electrical Simulation Results 19.5 Experimental Results and Discussion 19.6 Conclusions 20 Fabrication and Evaluation of Field-adaptive Insulator for DC-GIL Application 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Insulator Preparation and Basic Tests 20.3 Simulation and Experimental Setup 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.5 Conclusions 21 Epoxy-based Spacer with Functionally Graded Zno Film for HVDC Gas Insulated Line 21.1 Introduction 21.2 ZnO Film Deposition and Test 21.3 Spacer Optimization and Fabrication 21.4 Electrical Insulation Performance 21.5 Conclusions 22 Regulating Electric Field around Post-type Insulator in DC-GIL for ITER Neutral Beam Injector 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Simulation model 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusions 23 Electric Field Optimization and Parameter Design of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacer for ±500 kV DC-GIL 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Simulation Model 23.3 Surface Charge and Electric Field distributions under Different Conditions 23.4 Parameter Optimization of SNC Spacer 23.5 Conclusion 24 Surface Charge and Electric Field Regulation of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacers 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Design and Fabrication of SNC Spacers 24.3 Electric Field Measurement on Electrode Surfaces 24.4 Surface Charging and Discharging Characteristics of SNC Spacers 24.5 Regulating Effects of SNC Spacers under Different Testing Conditions 24.6 Conclusion 25 Electric Field Control by Multi-dimensional Functional Materials for DC-GIS Spacer 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Design Concept and Simulation 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.4 Conclusion
13.6 Conclusions 14 Epoxy-based Insulator with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material for HVDC Gas Insulated Pipeline by Sputtering 14.1 Introduction 14.2 SFGM Fabrication by Fluorination 14.3 Optimization of Insulator with SFGM 14.4 Electric Field Calculation 14.5 Flashover Test 14.6 Conclusions 15 Electric Field Optimization of Epoxy-based Spacer with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material (σ- SFGM) by Electrospinning 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Simulation Study 15.3 Experimental Study 15.4 Conclusions 16 Parameter Design of Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Materials (ε/σ-MFGM) for Epoxy- based Spacers in HVDC GIL/GIS 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Surface Functionally Graded Material 16.3 Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Material 16.4 Conclusions Electric Field Adaptive Materials for GIL/GIS 17 Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics and Mechanisms of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Experimental Arrangement 17.3 Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.4 Conductive and Breakdown Characteristics of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.5 Simulation and Analysis of Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics 17.6 Conclusions 18 Electrical Field Simulation of Epoxy Spacer with Nonlinear Conductivity for DC GIL 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Geometric Model and Governing Equations 18.3 Simulation Results and Analysis 18.4 Conclusions 19 Field-adaptive Materials for Epoxy-based Insulator in HVDC GIL 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Simulation of IER Insulator Application 19.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 19.4 Electrical Simulation Results 19.5 Experimental Results and Discussion 19.6 Conclusions 20 Fabrication and Evaluation of Field-adaptive Insulator for DC-GIL Application 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Insulator Preparation and Basic Tests 20.3 Simulation and Experimental Setup 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.5 Conclusions 21 Epoxy-based Spacer with Functionally Graded Zno Film for HVDC Gas Insulated Line 21.1 Introduction 21.2 ZnO Film Deposition and Test 21.3 Spacer Optimization and Fabrication 21.4 Electrical Insulation Performance 21.5 Conclusions 22 Regulating Electric Field around Post-type Insulator in DC-GIL for ITER Neutral Beam Injector 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Simulation model 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusions 23 Electric Field Optimization and Parameter Design of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacer for ±500 kV DC-GIL 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Simulation Model 23.3 Surface Charge and Electric Field distributions under Different Conditions 23.4 Parameter Optimization of SNC Spacer 23.5 Conclusion 24 Surface Charge and Electric Field Regulation of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacers 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Design and Fabrication of SNC Spacers 24.3 Electric Field Measurement on Electrode Surfaces 24.4 Surface Charging and Discharging Characteristics of SNC Spacers 24.5 Regulating Effects of SNC Spacers under Different Testing Conditions 24.6 Conclusion 25 Electric Field Control by Multi-dimensional Functional Materials for DC-GIS Spacer 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Design Concept and Simulation 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.4 Conclusion
1 Electric Field Distribution around Basin-type Spacer in DC-GIS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Mathematical Model 1.3 Results and Discussion 1.4 Conclusion 2 Gas Convection Affecting Surface Charge and Electric Field Distribution around Tri-post Insulators in DC-GIL 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Simulation and Parameters 2.3 Results and Discussion 2.4 Conclusion 3 Polarity Reversal and Over Voltage Affecting Discharge Inception of Tri-post Insulator in DC-GIL 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Simulation and Parameters 3.3 Results and Discussion 3.4 Conclusion 4 Simulation on Surface Charge Accumulation of Epoxy Resin under Needle-Plane Corona Discharge in Air 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Simulation Model 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.4 Conclusion 5 Surface Charge Dynamic Behaviors of Epoxy Resin under Combined Effects of DC and Pulse Voltages 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Experimental Arrangement 5.3 Results and Discussion 5.4 Conclusion 6 Surface Charge Accumulation and Decay Behaviors of Epoxy Resin under Combined Effects of AC and Pulse Voltages 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Experimental Arrangement 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.4 Conclusion 7 Effects of Surface Charge on DC Flashover Characteristics of Epoxy/BN Nanocomposites 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Experimental Arrangement 7.3 Results and Discussion 7.4 Conclusion 8 Temperature Dependent Surface Charge and Discharge Behaviors of Epoxy/AIN Nanocomposites 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Experimental Arrangement 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.4 Conclusion 9 Surface Charging and Discharging Behaviors of Epoxy-Based Spacer in DC-GIL 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Experimental Arrangement 9.3 Surface Charge and Flashover Characteristics under DC stress 9.4 Conclusion Surface Functionally Graded Materials for GIL/GIS 10 Surface Functionally Graded Insulator for Electric Field Grading in AC Gas Insulated Power Apparatus 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Concept of SFGM 10.3 Fabrication of SFGM Insulator 10.4 Electric Field Simulation 10.5 Flashover Test Results 10.6 Conclusions 11 Epoxy-based Insulator with Permittivity-graded Surface Layer by Magnetron Sputtering for Gas-insulated Lines 11.1 Introduction 11.2 BaTiO3 Layer Deposition 11.3 Simulation and Optimization 11.4 SFGM Insulator Fabrication 11.5 Results and Discussion 11.6 Conclusions 12 Electric Field Relaxation by Surface Functionally Graded Spacer for Compact HVDC Gas Insulated Apparatus 12.1 Introduction 12.2 s-SFGM for Electrical Field Relaxation 12.3 Fabrication of s-SFGM Spacer 12.4 Flashover Voltage of s-SFGM Spacer 12.5 Conclusions 13 Novel Insulator with Surface s-FGM for DC compact Gas Insulated Pipeline 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Novel Insulator with Interfacial s-FGM 13.3 Novel insulator with Interfacial s-FGM 13.4 Electric Field Simulation 13.5 Improved Flashover Voltage
13.6 Conclusions 14 Epoxy-based Insulator with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material for HVDC Gas Insulated Pipeline by Sputtering 14.1 Introduction 14.2 SFGM Fabrication by Fluorination 14.3 Optimization of Insulator with SFGM 14.4 Electric Field Calculation 14.5 Flashover Test 14.6 Conclusions 15 Electric Field Optimization of Epoxy-based Spacer with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material (s-SFGM) by Electrospinning 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Simulation Study 15.3 Experimental Study 15.4 Conclusions 16 Parameter Design of Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Materials ( /s-MFGM) for Epoxy-based Spacers in HVDC GIL/GIS 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Surface Functionally Graded Material 16.3 Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Material 16.4 Conclusions Electric Field Adaptive Materials for GIL/GIS 17 Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics and Mechanisms of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Experimental Arrangement 17.3 Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.4 Conductive and Breakdown Characteristics of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.5 Simulation and Analysis of Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics 17.6 Conclusions 18 Electrical Field Simulation of Epoxy Spacer with Nonlinear Conductivity for DC GIL 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Geometric Model and Governing Equations 18.3 Simulation Results and Analysis 18.4 Conclusions 19 Field-adaptive Materials for Epoxy-based Insulator in HVDC GIL 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Simulation of IER Insulator Application 19.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 19.4 Electrical Simulation Results 19.5 Experimental Results and Discussion 19.6 Conclusions 20 Fabrication and Evaluation of Field-adaptive Insulator for DC-GIL Application 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Insulator Preparation and Basic Tests 20.3 Simulation and Experimental Setup 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.5 Conclusions 21 Epoxy-based Spacer with Functionally Graded Zno Film for HVDC Gas Insulated Line 21.1 Introduction 21.2 ZnO Film Deposition and Test 21.3 Spacer Optimization and Fabrication 21.4 Electrical Insulation Performance 21.5 Conclusions 22 Regulating Electric Field around Post-type Insulator in DC-GIL for ITER Neutral Beam Injector 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Simulation model 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusions 23 Electric Field Optimization and Parameter Design of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacer for ±500 kV DC-GIL 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Simulation Model 23.3 Surface Charge and Electric Field distributions under Different Conditions 23.4 Parameter Optimization of SNC Spacer 23.5 Conclusion 24 Surface Charge and Electric Field Regulation of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacers 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Design and Fabrication of SNC Spacers 24.3 Electric Field Measurement on Electrode Surfaces 24.4 Surface Charging and Discharging Characteristics of SNC Spacers 24.5 Regulating Effects of SNC Spacers under Different Testing Conditions 24.6 Conclusion 25 Electric Field Control by Multi-dimensional Functional Materials for DC-GIS Spacer 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Design Concept and Simulation 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.4 Conclusion
13.6 Conclusions 14 Epoxy-based Insulator with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material for HVDC Gas Insulated Pipeline by Sputtering 14.1 Introduction 14.2 SFGM Fabrication by Fluorination 14.3 Optimization of Insulator with SFGM 14.4 Electric Field Calculation 14.5 Flashover Test 14.6 Conclusions 15 Electric Field Optimization of Epoxy-based Spacer with Surface Conductivity Gradient Material (s-SFGM) by Electrospinning 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Simulation Study 15.3 Experimental Study 15.4 Conclusions 16 Parameter Design of Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Materials ( /s-MFGM) for Epoxy-based Spacers in HVDC GIL/GIS 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Surface Functionally Graded Material 16.3 Multi-dimensional Functionally Graded Material 16.4 Conclusions Electric Field Adaptive Materials for GIL/GIS 17 Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics and Mechanisms of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Experimental Arrangement 17.3 Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.4 Conductive and Breakdown Characteristics of Epoxy/SiC Composites 17.5 Simulation and Analysis of Nonlinear Conductive Characteristics 17.6 Conclusions 18 Electrical Field Simulation of Epoxy Spacer with Nonlinear Conductivity for DC GIL 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Geometric Model and Governing Equations 18.3 Simulation Results and Analysis 18.4 Conclusions 19 Field-adaptive Materials for Epoxy-based Insulator in HVDC GIL 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Simulation of IER Insulator Application 19.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 19.4 Electrical Simulation Results 19.5 Experimental Results and Discussion 19.6 Conclusions 20 Fabrication and Evaluation of Field-adaptive Insulator for DC-GIL Application 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Insulator Preparation and Basic Tests 20.3 Simulation and Experimental Setup 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.5 Conclusions 21 Epoxy-based Spacer with Functionally Graded Zno Film for HVDC Gas Insulated Line 21.1 Introduction 21.2 ZnO Film Deposition and Test 21.3 Spacer Optimization and Fabrication 21.4 Electrical Insulation Performance 21.5 Conclusions 22 Regulating Electric Field around Post-type Insulator in DC-GIL for ITER Neutral Beam Injector 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Simulation model 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusions 23 Electric Field Optimization and Parameter Design of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacer for ±500 kV DC-GIL 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Simulation Model 23.3 Surface Charge and Electric Field distributions under Different Conditions 23.4 Parameter Optimization of SNC Spacer 23.5 Conclusion 24 Surface Charge and Electric Field Regulation of Surface Nonlinear Conductivity Spacers 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Design and Fabrication of SNC Spacers 24.3 Electric Field Measurement on Electrode Surfaces 24.4 Surface Charging and Discharging Characteristics of SNC Spacers 24.5 Regulating Effects of SNC Spacers under Different Testing Conditions 24.6 Conclusion 25 Electric Field Control by Multi-dimensional Functional Materials for DC-GIS Spacer 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Design Concept and Simulation 25.3 Results and Discussion 25.4 Conclusion