This book provides an overview on how biologically-inspired meta-heuristics can be applied to solve optimization problems encountered in the business process management domain. Thus, the book integrates, in a unitary approach, a set of biologically-inspired methods proposed by the authors, methods which address the problems of business process mining and business process optimization. The book is intended to be used by researchers, PhD students or Master students in Computer Science interested in learning how to apply biologically-inspired meta-heuristics in the domains of business process mining and business process optimization.