The destruction of primary vegetation aggrieved by human beings is one of the main reasons of biodiversity loss in the world. The creation of protected areas, on the other hand, is one of major strategies for in situ conservation. However, it is not enough to shun the fragmentation, which avoids the free flow of genes and biota movement, required to the maintenance of species, habitats and ecosystems in a long-term basis. The objective of this work is to examine in which level the good management of protected areas are able to contribute to biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation of communities living around Gorongosa National Park.