In the United Kingdom, adjudication is available as a right for parties to a construction contract, following the enactment of the Housing Grants Construction and Regeneration Act 1996. In general, within a comparatively short period of time, parties in dispute will have a decision from an adjudicator, which, except in limited circumstances, the courts will enforce. Adjudication has become the number one method of dispute resolution in the construction industry. The short timescale means that a party needs to know what to do, when to do it and be able to check that the other party and the…mehr
In the United Kingdom, adjudication is available as a right for parties to a construction contract, following the enactment of the Housing Grants Construction and Regeneration Act 1996. In general, within a comparatively short period of time, parties in dispute will have a decision from an adjudicator, which, except in limited circumstances, the courts will enforce. Adjudication has become the number one method of dispute resolution in the construction industry. The short timescale means that a party needs to know what to do, when to do it and be able to check that the other party and the adjudicator are following the right steps. A Practical Guide to Construction Adjudication gives parties the necessary information to achieve this. It provides a straightforward overview of the process and procedure of adjudication by reference to legislation and case law, augmented with practical guidance including suggestions on what to do or not to do, drafting tips and checklists. Separate chapters for Scotland and Northern Ireland identify and explain the differences in procedure and judicial interpretation between those jurisdictions and England and Wales, and further detailed explanations of the adjudication regimes in Australia, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand and Singapore are included. Each of the chapters on jurisdictions outside England and Wales has been written by senior experts in those jurisdictions to ensure the content is accurate and insightful. There are a range of helpful appendices including a bank of model form adjudication documents and tabulated detailed comparisons of the Scheme for Construction Contracts, the other major adjudication rules, the major adjudicator nominating bodies and the UK and international regimes. Readers will particularly appreciate the most comprehensive index of adjudication cases available, sorted into 260 subject headings providing immediate access to all the reported cases on any adjudication topic.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
James Pickavance is a partner in the construction and engineering practice of Eversheds LLP, specialising in dispute resolution. He has experience of all forms of dispute resolution, in particular contractual and statutory adjudication, domestic and international arbitration, expert determination, mediation and litigation, and advises public bodies, governments, international corporations and private clients on domestic and international, single or multi-jurisdictional disputes across a range of industry sectors in over 20 jurisdictions.
Inhaltsangabe
Foreword v Acknowledgements vii Part I The United Kingdom 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Background to statutory adjudication in the UK 4 1.3 Statutory adjudication regimes 5 1.4 Use of case law in this part 6 2 Adjudication in a nutshell 9 3 Deciding to adjudicate 13 3.1 Overview 13 3.2 Do I have a claim? 14 3.3 Is it worth it? 15 3.4 Is adjudication the right forum? 18 3.5 Other forms of 'rapid' dispute resolution 24 3.6 Adjudication on behalf of, or against, an insolvent party 30 3.7 Who to involve 40 3.8 Checklist: considering whether or not to adjudicate 42 4 Statutory adjudication 43 4.1 Overview 43 4.2 Old or new act 44 4.3 Existence and terms of a contract 44 4.4 Construction contract 49 4.5 Construction operations 55 4.6 Excluded construction operations 58 4.7 Excluded agreements 62 4.8 Contract in writing 66 4.9 Checklist: What form of adjudication am I subject to? 74 5 Contractual and ad hoc adjudication 75 5.1 Overview 75 5.2 Contractual adjudication 75 5.3 Ad hoc adjudication 79 6 Adjudication procedure 83 6.1 Overview 83 6.2 Scheme 84 6.3 Contractual procedures 88 6.4 Checklist: What adjudication procedure am I subject to? 96 7 Preconditions and restrictions to statutory adjudication 97 7.1 Overview 97 7.2 Is there a dispute? 98 7.3 More than one dispute 108 7.4 Substantially the same dispute (Scheme p. 9) 111 7.5 Does the dispute arise 'under' the contract (Act s. 108(1))? 115 7.6 More than one contract 117 7.7 Commencing an adjudication 'at any time' 119 8 Adjudication strategy 123 8.1 Overview 123 8.2 Commencing the adjudication process 123 8.3 More than one adjudication 125 8.4 Choosing the dispute to refer 126 8.5 Deploying arguments 139 8.6 Assessing the other party's willingness and ability to pay 141 8.7 Removing procedural uncertainty 142 9 Initiating the adjudication 144 9.1 Overview 144 9.2 A precis on jurisdiction and natural justice 145 9.3 Notice of adjudication 146 9.4 Checklist: Before serving the notice of adjudication - referring party 151 9.5 Checklist: On receiving the notice of adjudication - responding party 151 9.6 Appointing the adjudicator 152 9.7 Checklist: Appointing the adjudicator - referring party 171 9.8 Checklist: Appointing the adjudicator - responding party 171 9.9 Checklist: Accepting the appointment - adjudicator 172 10 The adjudication 173 10.1 Overview 173 10.2 Referral notice 174 10.3 Response 181 10.4 Reply, rejoinder and sur-rejoinder 184 10.5 Meetings 186 10.6 Other matters 188 10.7 Adjudicator's powers and duties 201 10.8 Checklist: Managing the adjudication - the adjudicator 212 11 The decision 214 11.1 Overview 214 11.2 What is the adjudicator required to do? 214 11.3 On receiving the decision 218 11.4 Timing 219 11.5 Effect and compliance 223 12 Post decision 227 12.1 Overview 227 12.2 Adjudicator's costs 228 12.3 Parties' costs 233 12.4 Apportioning costs 237 12.5 Correcting errors in the decision 239 12.6 Setting off against the decision 241 13 Enforcement: options and procedure 249 13.1 Overview 249 13.2 Key statements of principle and the court's policy 249 13.3 TCC summary enforcement procedure 252 13.4 Other procedures for enforcement 276 13.5 Complying with an order of the court 280 13.6 Checklist: Avoiding the consequences of an adjudicator's decision 284 14 Enforcement: insolvency, stay and severability 285 14.1 Overview 285 14.2 Insolvency avoids summary judgment 286 14.3 Stay of execution 290 15 Final determination 304 15.1 Overview 304 15.2 Finalising the adjudicator's decision 305 15.3 Adjudication and other proceedings 307 15.4 Commencement, onus of proof and costs 312 16 The adjudicator's jurisdiction 319 16.1 Overview 319 16.2 When to think about jurisdiction 319 16.3 Options when a jurisdictional issue arises 320 16.4 Losing the right to challenge the adjudicator's jurisdiction 331 16.5 Threshold jurisdiction challenges 338 16.6 Process jurisdiction challenges 342 16.7 Decision based jurisdiction challenges 349 16.8 Checklist: Jurisdiction - the parties 360 16.9 Checklist: Jurisdiction - the adjudicator 361 17 Natural justice 362 17.1 Overview 362 17.2 When to think about natural justice 364 17.3 Options when a natural justice point arises 364 17.4 Bias and apparent bias 366 17.5 Procedural fairness 378 17.6 Checklist: Natural justice - the parties and the adjudicator 399 18 Further grounds for resisting enforcement 400 18.1 Overview 400 18.2 Fraud or deceit 401 18.3 Duress 402 18.4 UTCCR 403 18.5 Human Rights Act 404 19 Scotland: Tony Jones 406 19.1 Overview 406 19.2 Differences between the Scheme and the Scottish Scheme 408 19.3 Enforcement of an adjudicator's award 411 19.4 Issues of divergence between England and Wales and Scotland 418 20 Northern Ireland: Michael Humphreys QC 427 20.1 Overview 427 20.2 Enforcement of adjudicators' awards 429 20.3 An alternative remedy - declaratory relief 434 20.4 Judicial consideration 435 Part II International 21 Introduction 443 22 Australia: Peter Wood and Phillip Greenham 446 22.1 Overview 446 22.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 449 22.3 Adjudication process 453 22.4 Determination, effect and costs 456 22.5 Enforcement 458 23 Ireland: Dermot McEvoy 461 23.1 Overview 461 23.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 462 23.3 Adjudication process 464 23.4 Determination, effect and costs 469 23.5 Enforcement 470 23.6 Conclusion 471 24 Malaysia: Philip Koh 473 24.1 Overview 473 24.2 Requirements for commencing the adjudication process 474 24.3 Adjudication process 478 24.4 Administration of the adjudication 481 24.5 Determination, effect and costs 482 24.6 Enforcement 484 24.7 Conclusion 485 25 New Zealand: Tómas Kennedy-Grant QC 487 25.1 Overview 487 25.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 488 25.3 Adjudication process 490 25.4 Determination, effect and costs 493 25.5 Enforcement 496 25.6 Proposed amendments 500 26 Singapore: Steven Cannon 501 26.1 Overview 501 26.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 502 26.3 Payment regime 504 26.4 Adjudication process 508 26.5 Determination, effect and costs 515 26.6 Enforcement 518 26.7 Conclusion 520 Appendices Appendix 1 - The 1996 Act as amended 523 Appendix 2 - The 1998 Scheme as amended 530 Appendix 3 - Glossary (UK only) 538 Appendix 4 - Model forms 542 Appendix 5 - Summary comparison of UK adjudication rules 561 Appendix 6 - Details of UK adjudicator nominating bodies 570 Appendix 7 - Comparison of UK and international statutory regimes 578 Appendix 8 - Case index: by subject matter 584 Appendix 9 - Alphabetical case index 678 Index 709
Foreword v Acknowledgements vii Part I The United Kingdom 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Background to statutory adjudication in the UK 4 1.3 Statutory adjudication regimes 5 1.4 Use of case law in this part 6 2 Adjudication in a nutshell 9 3 Deciding to adjudicate 13 3.1 Overview 13 3.2 Do I have a claim? 14 3.3 Is it worth it? 15 3.4 Is adjudication the right forum? 18 3.5 Other forms of 'rapid' dispute resolution 24 3.6 Adjudication on behalf of, or against, an insolvent party 30 3.7 Who to involve 40 3.8 Checklist: considering whether or not to adjudicate 42 4 Statutory adjudication 43 4.1 Overview 43 4.2 Old or new act 44 4.3 Existence and terms of a contract 44 4.4 Construction contract 49 4.5 Construction operations 55 4.6 Excluded construction operations 58 4.7 Excluded agreements 62 4.8 Contract in writing 66 4.9 Checklist: What form of adjudication am I subject to? 74 5 Contractual and ad hoc adjudication 75 5.1 Overview 75 5.2 Contractual adjudication 75 5.3 Ad hoc adjudication 79 6 Adjudication procedure 83 6.1 Overview 83 6.2 Scheme 84 6.3 Contractual procedures 88 6.4 Checklist: What adjudication procedure am I subject to? 96 7 Preconditions and restrictions to statutory adjudication 97 7.1 Overview 97 7.2 Is there a dispute? 98 7.3 More than one dispute 108 7.4 Substantially the same dispute (Scheme p. 9) 111 7.5 Does the dispute arise 'under' the contract (Act s. 108(1))? 115 7.6 More than one contract 117 7.7 Commencing an adjudication 'at any time' 119 8 Adjudication strategy 123 8.1 Overview 123 8.2 Commencing the adjudication process 123 8.3 More than one adjudication 125 8.4 Choosing the dispute to refer 126 8.5 Deploying arguments 139 8.6 Assessing the other party's willingness and ability to pay 141 8.7 Removing procedural uncertainty 142 9 Initiating the adjudication 144 9.1 Overview 144 9.2 A precis on jurisdiction and natural justice 145 9.3 Notice of adjudication 146 9.4 Checklist: Before serving the notice of adjudication - referring party 151 9.5 Checklist: On receiving the notice of adjudication - responding party 151 9.6 Appointing the adjudicator 152 9.7 Checklist: Appointing the adjudicator - referring party 171 9.8 Checklist: Appointing the adjudicator - responding party 171 9.9 Checklist: Accepting the appointment - adjudicator 172 10 The adjudication 173 10.1 Overview 173 10.2 Referral notice 174 10.3 Response 181 10.4 Reply, rejoinder and sur-rejoinder 184 10.5 Meetings 186 10.6 Other matters 188 10.7 Adjudicator's powers and duties 201 10.8 Checklist: Managing the adjudication - the adjudicator 212 11 The decision 214 11.1 Overview 214 11.2 What is the adjudicator required to do? 214 11.3 On receiving the decision 218 11.4 Timing 219 11.5 Effect and compliance 223 12 Post decision 227 12.1 Overview 227 12.2 Adjudicator's costs 228 12.3 Parties' costs 233 12.4 Apportioning costs 237 12.5 Correcting errors in the decision 239 12.6 Setting off against the decision 241 13 Enforcement: options and procedure 249 13.1 Overview 249 13.2 Key statements of principle and the court's policy 249 13.3 TCC summary enforcement procedure 252 13.4 Other procedures for enforcement 276 13.5 Complying with an order of the court 280 13.6 Checklist: Avoiding the consequences of an adjudicator's decision 284 14 Enforcement: insolvency, stay and severability 285 14.1 Overview 285 14.2 Insolvency avoids summary judgment 286 14.3 Stay of execution 290 15 Final determination 304 15.1 Overview 304 15.2 Finalising the adjudicator's decision 305 15.3 Adjudication and other proceedings 307 15.4 Commencement, onus of proof and costs 312 16 The adjudicator's jurisdiction 319 16.1 Overview 319 16.2 When to think about jurisdiction 319 16.3 Options when a jurisdictional issue arises 320 16.4 Losing the right to challenge the adjudicator's jurisdiction 331 16.5 Threshold jurisdiction challenges 338 16.6 Process jurisdiction challenges 342 16.7 Decision based jurisdiction challenges 349 16.8 Checklist: Jurisdiction - the parties 360 16.9 Checklist: Jurisdiction - the adjudicator 361 17 Natural justice 362 17.1 Overview 362 17.2 When to think about natural justice 364 17.3 Options when a natural justice point arises 364 17.4 Bias and apparent bias 366 17.5 Procedural fairness 378 17.6 Checklist: Natural justice - the parties and the adjudicator 399 18 Further grounds for resisting enforcement 400 18.1 Overview 400 18.2 Fraud or deceit 401 18.3 Duress 402 18.4 UTCCR 403 18.5 Human Rights Act 404 19 Scotland: Tony Jones 406 19.1 Overview 406 19.2 Differences between the Scheme and the Scottish Scheme 408 19.3 Enforcement of an adjudicator's award 411 19.4 Issues of divergence between England and Wales and Scotland 418 20 Northern Ireland: Michael Humphreys QC 427 20.1 Overview 427 20.2 Enforcement of adjudicators' awards 429 20.3 An alternative remedy - declaratory relief 434 20.4 Judicial consideration 435 Part II International 21 Introduction 443 22 Australia: Peter Wood and Phillip Greenham 446 22.1 Overview 446 22.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 449 22.3 Adjudication process 453 22.4 Determination, effect and costs 456 22.5 Enforcement 458 23 Ireland: Dermot McEvoy 461 23.1 Overview 461 23.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 462 23.3 Adjudication process 464 23.4 Determination, effect and costs 469 23.5 Enforcement 470 23.6 Conclusion 471 24 Malaysia: Philip Koh 473 24.1 Overview 473 24.2 Requirements for commencing the adjudication process 474 24.3 Adjudication process 478 24.4 Administration of the adjudication 481 24.5 Determination, effect and costs 482 24.6 Enforcement 484 24.7 Conclusion 485 25 New Zealand: Tómas Kennedy-Grant QC 487 25.1 Overview 487 25.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 488 25.3 Adjudication process 490 25.4 Determination, effect and costs 493 25.5 Enforcement 496 25.6 Proposed amendments 500 26 Singapore: Steven Cannon 501 26.1 Overview 501 26.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 502 26.3 Payment regime 504 26.4 Adjudication process 508 26.5 Determination, effect and costs 515 26.6 Enforcement 518 26.7 Conclusion 520 Appendices Appendix 1 - The 1996 Act as amended 523 Appendix 2 - The 1998 Scheme as amended 530 Appendix 3 - Glossary (UK only) 538 Appendix 4 - Model forms 542 Appendix 5 - Summary comparison of UK adjudication rules 561 Appendix 6 - Details of UK adjudicator nominating bodies 570 Appendix 7 - Comparison of UK and international statutory regimes 578 Appendix 8 - Case index: by subject matter 584 Appendix 9 - Alphabetical case index 678 Index 709
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