Multilingualism is an omnipresent phenomenon in our modern society and since knowledge of multiple languages is becoming more and more of a necessity in order to successfully master everyday life, we can observe monolingualism becoming more of an exception than of a rule. In this work, I am focussing on the resource of human language, namely on the human brain, by doing a neurolinguistic state of the art analysis. I am pointing out the potentials, perspectives and also problems of neurolinguistic research, as well as give a practical input for language teachers (and also learners) in terms of how to make use of neurolinguistic knowledge.