The 2014 Israel - Gaza war was the third since 2008. One-fourth of the total population in Gaza were internally displaced. A humanitarian emergency was declared. Hospitals, health care centres, ambulances, infrastructure and thousands of homes were destroyed or damaged. Necessary medicines and medical supplies were lacking, and people in need could not get out from the fenced enclave. The research presented in this book describes the non-combat mortality during the war and the weeks that followed, as well as the challenges and shortcomings the research entailed.