Loring B Rowell

Human Cardiovascular Control

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This new, comprehensive analysis of human cardiovascular control explains the control of pressure, vascular volume and blood flow during orthostatis and exercise. Analysis of the physical properties of the vascular system and their modification by mechanical, neural, and humoural factors is highlighted by novel graphical representations of basic concepts. Interactive effects of the vasculature on cardiac performance and factors that both control and limit oxygen transfer from lungs to cells are stressed. This complete account will prove invaluable for all medical students, physiologists and clinicians who wish to better understand the reflex and hormonal control of the human cardiovascular system.

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This new analysis of reflex and hormonal control of the human cardiovascular system developed from questions raised in Human Circulation: During Physical Stress (Rowell, 1986) and from recent findings. The goal is to help students, physiologists and clinicians understand the control of pressure, vascular volume, and blood flow by examining the cardiovascular system during orthostasis and exercise, two stresses that most affect these variables. A discussion of the passive physical properties of the vascular system provides a basis for explaining how vascular control is modified by mechanical, neural, and humoral factors. Interactive effects of the vasculature on cardiac performance are emphasized; they reveal the importance of autonomic control, supplemented by muscle pumping, in maintaining adequate ventricular filling pressure. The author's detailed analysis of how total oxygen consumption is restricted focuses on limitations in cardiac pumping ability, oxygen diffusion from lungs to blood and from blood to active muscle, oxidative metabolism and neural control of organ blood flow. An unsolved mystery is the nature of the signals that govern the cardiovascular responses to exercise. This is discussed in a new and critical synthesis of ideas and evidence concerning the "error signals" that are sensed and then corrected by activation of the autonomic nervous system during exercise.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Oxford University Press, USA
• Seitenzahl: 520
• Erscheinungstermin: 14. Januar 1993
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 244mm x 167mm x 37mm
• Gewicht: 914g
• ISBN-13: 9780195073621
• ISBN-10: 0195073622
• Artikelnr.: 22014066

Autorenporträt

Loring B. Rowell is a Professor of Physiology and Biophysics and of Medicine (Cardiology) at the University of Washington School of Medicine. Dr. Rowell has published over 150 research papers, chapters, and review articles and has served on the editorial boeards of American Journal of Physiology, Circulation Research, and the Journal of Applied Physiology.

Inhaltsangabe

* 1: Passive Effects of Gravity
* 1.1: History
* 1.2: Hydrostatics and distribution of vascular transmural pressures
* 1.3: Structural features that counteract gravitational "pooling"
* 1.4: Mechanical adjustments to orthostasis
* 2: Reflex Control During Orthostasis
* 2.1: Brief history
* 2.2: Circulatory responses to upright posture
* 3: Neural-Humoral Adjustments to Orthostasis and Long-Term Control
* 3.1: Neural control
* 3.2: Humoral control
* 4: Orthostatic Intolerance
* 4.1: Normal individuals - Maldistribution of blood flow and blood
volume
* 4.2: Cardiovascular dysfunction
* 4.3: Autonomic dysfunction
* 5: Central Circulatory Adjustments to Dynamic Exercise
* 5.1: Cardiovascular functional capacity - The concept
* 5.2: Determinants of oxygen uptake - A brief review
* 5.3: Regulation of the central circulation
* 5.4: Adjustments to chronic high loads - Physical conditioning
* 6: Control of Regional Blood Flow During Dynamic Exercise
* 6.1: The splanchnic circulation
* 6.2: The cutaneous circulation
* 6.3: The renal circulation
* 6.4: The cerebral circulation
* 7: Control of Blood Flow to Active Muscles
* 7.1: Introduction
* 7.2: Control of blood flow to the heart
* 7.3: Control of blood flow to respiratory muscles
* 7.4: Control of blood flow to active skeletal muscle
* 7.5: Peripheral vascular adjustments to physical conditioning
* 8: Cardiovascular Adjustments to Isometric Contractions
* 8.1: Introduction
* 8.2: Blood flow to active muscle
* 8.3: Central circulatory responses
* 8.4: Peripheral vascular responses
* 9: Limitations to Oxygen Uptake During Dynamic Exercise
* 9.1: Limitations in the respiratory system
* 9.2: Alveolar to arterial oxygen transfer
* 9.3: Cardiac output as a limitation to oxygen uptake
* 9.4: Transfer of ocygen from muscle capillary to mitochondria
* 9.5: Limitations in skeletal muscle metabolism
*
* 10.1: The problem of multiple, redundant control systems
* 10.2: The major hypothesis to explain the responses to exercise
* 10.3: Reflexes from active muscle - Chemoreflexes and mechanoreflexes
* 10.4: Arterial baroreflexes
* 10.5: Arterial and venous chemoreflexes
*
* 11.1: Introduction
* 11.2: Reflex control fo the cardiovascular system during isometric
contractions
* 11.3: Reflex control of the cardiovascular system during dynamic
exercise
* 12: Central Command, Muscle Chemoreflexes, and Arterial Baroreflexes
- Integration
* 12.1: Introduction
* 12.2: Overall assessment of baroreflex regulation of arterial
pressure during exercise
* 12.3: Functional characteristics of the carotid sinus reflex during
exercise
* 12.4: Role of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in dynamic exercise
* 12.5: Central command, muscle chemoreflexes and arterial
baroreflexes: How do they operate together?