The current book aimed to provide a short guide for establishing a Medical Diagnostic Laboratory. The guide was concerned with the types of medical laboratories, essential medical instruments, laboratory samples and laboratory Quality control. The most important to know is the basics of constructing a medical laboratory and the hygienic disposal of infectious laboratory samples without being a source for the distribution of infections microorganisms to the environment. Also, medical laboratory can be helpful in providing the data that needed to map the distribution of different diseases all over the country; this will be available only with regular registration of samples and patients history.