Maria Vallet-Regi

Bio-Ceramics with Clinical Applications

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This publication offers a unique approach that links the materials science of bioceramics to clinical needs and applications.

Providing a structured account of this highly active area of research, the book reviews the clinical applications in bone tissue engineering, bone regeneration, joint replacement, drug-delivery systems and biomimetism, this book is an ideal resource for materials scientists and engineers, as well as for clinicians.

From the contents:

Part I Introduction

1. Bioceramics
2. Biomimetics

Part II Materials

3. Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics
4. Silica-based Ceramics: Glasses
5. Silica-based Ceramics: Mesoporous Silica
6. Alumina, Zirconia, and Other Non-oxide Inert Bioceramics
7. Carbon-based Materials in Biomedicine

Part III Material Shaping

8. Cements
9. Bioceramic Coatings for Medical Implants
10. Scaffold Designing

Part IV Research on Future Ceramics

11. Bone Biology and Regeneration
12. Ceramics for Drug Delivery
13. Ceramics for Gene Transfection
14. Ceramic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 488
• Erscheinungstermin: 3. Juni 2014
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 246mm x 175mm x 28mm
• Gewicht: 907g
• ISBN-13: 9781118406755
• ISBN-10: 1118406753
• Artikelnr.: 40721583

Autorenporträt

Maria Vallet-Regi is full Professor of Inorganic Chemistry and Head of the Department of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. Professor Vallet-Regí has written over 500 articles and more than 20 books. She is the most cited Spanish scientist in the field of Materials Science in this last decade, according to ISI Web of Knowledge. She has presented her research around the world at over 300 international conferences Professor Vallet-Regí has received many awards including: the French-Spanish award of the year 2000 from the Societé Française de Chimie; the Inorganic Chemistry award 2008 from the Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry; the 2008 Spanish National Research Award "Leonardo Torres Quevedo" in the field of Engineering and Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry (RSEQ) research award 2011 (RSEQ medal).

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xiii Preface xv Part I Introduction 1 1. Bioceramics 3
María Vallet-Regí 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Reactivity of the Bioceramics 4
1.3 First, Second, and Third Generations of Bioceramics 6 1.4
Multidisciplinary Field 7 1.5 Solutions for Bone Repairing 8 1.6 Biomedical
Engineering 13 Recommended Reading 15 2. Biomimetics 17 María Vallet-Regí
2.1 Biomimetics 17 2.2 Formation of Hard Tissues 18 2.3 Biominerals versus
Biomaterials 19 Recommended Reading 22 Part II Materials 23 3. Calcium
Phosphate Bioceramics 25 Daniel Arcos 3.1 History of Calcium Phosphate
Biomaterials 25 3.2 Generalities of Calcium Phosphates 26 3.3 In vivo
Response of Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics 28 3.4 Calcium
Hydroxyapatite-Based Bioceramics 30 3.4.1 Stoichiometric Hydroxyapatite
(HA) 31 3.4.2 Calcium Deficient Hydroxyapatites (CDHA) 37 3.4.3 Carbonated
Hydroxyapatites (CHA) 39 3.4.4 Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite (Si-HA)
40 3.4.5 Hydroxyapatites of Natural Origin 45 3.5 Tricalcium
Phosphate-Based Bioceramics 50 3.5.1 -Tricalcium Phosphate (-TCP) 50 3.5.2
-Tricalcium Phosphate (-TCP) 53 3.6 Biphasic Calcium Phosphates (BCP) 55
3.6.1 Chemical and Structural Properties 55 3.6.2 Preparation Methods 56
3.6.3 Clinical Applications 56 3.7 Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles 57 3.7.1
General Properties and Scope of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles 57 3.7.2
Preparation Methods of CaP Nanoparticles 58 3.7.3 Clinical Applications 60
3.8 Calcium Phosphate Advanced Biomaterials 60 3.8.1 Scaffolds for in situ
Bone Regeneration and Tissue Engineering 60 3.8.2 Drug Delivery Systems 62
References 65 4. Silica-based Ceramics: Glasses 73 Antonio J. Salinas 4.1
Introduction 73 4.1.1 What Is a Glass? 73 4.1.2 Properties of Glasses 75
4.1.3 Structure of Glasses 75 4.1.4 Synthesis of Glasses 76 4.2 Glasses as
Biomaterials 78 4.2.1 First Bioactive Glasses (BGs): Melt-Prepared Glasses
(MPGs) 79 4.2.2 Other Bioactive MPGs 80 4.2.3 Bioactivity Index and Network
Connectivity 80 4.2.4 Mechanism of Bioactivity 81 4.3 Increasing the
Bioactivity of Glasses: New Methods of Synthesis 82 4.3.1 Sol-Gel Glasses
(SGGs) 82 4.3.2 Composition, Texture, and Bioactivity of SSGs 84 4.3.3
Biocompatibility of SGGs 86 4.3.4 SGGs as Bioactivity Accelerators in
Biphasic Materials 86 4.3.5 Template Glasses (TGs) Bioactive Glasses with
Ordered Mesoporosity 88 4.3.6 Atomic Length Scale in BGs: How the Local
Structure Affects Bioactivity 91 4.3.7 New Reformulation of Hench's
Mechanism for TGs 93 4.3.8 Including Therapeutic Inorganic Ions in the
Glass Composition 94 4.4 Strengthening and Adding New Capabilities to
Bioactive Glasses 95 4.4.1 Glass Ceramics (GCs) 95 4.4.2 Composites
Containing Bioactive Glasses 97 4.4.3 Sol-Gel Organic-Inorganic Hybrids
(O-IHs) 98 4.5 Non-silicate Glasses 99 4.5.1 Phosphate Glasses 99 4.5.2
Borate Glasses 100 4.6 Clinical Applications of Glasses 101 4.6.1 Bioactive
Silica Glasses 101 4.6.2 Inert Silica Glasses 106 4.6.3 Phosphate Glasses
106 4.6.4 Borate Glasses 107 Recommended Reading 107 5. Silica-based
Ceramics: Mesoporous Silica 109 Montserrat Colilla 5.1 Introduction 109 5.2
Discovery of Ordered Mesoporous Silicas 110 5.3 Synthesis of Ordered
Mesoporous Silicas 111 5.3.1 Hydrothermal Synthesis 112 5.3.2
Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly (EISA) Method 119 5.4 Mechanisms of
Mesostructure Formation 119 5.5 Tuning the Structural Properties of
Mesoporous Silicas 122 5.5.1 Micellar Mesostructure 123 5.5.2 Type of
Mesoporous Structure 128 5.5.3 Mesopore Size 131 5.6 Structural
Characterization of Mesoporous Silicas 132 5.7 Synthesis of Spherical
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles 135 5.7.1 Aerosol-Assisted Synthesis 136
5.7.2 Modified Stöber Method 137 5.8 Organic Functionalization of Ordered
Mesoporous Silicas 138 5.8.1 Post-synthesis Functionalization ("Grafting")
139 5.8.2 Co-condensation ("One-Pot" Synthesis) 140 5.8.3 Periodic
Mesoporous Organosilicas 141 References 141 6. Alumina, Zirconia, and Other
Non-oxide Inert Bioceramics 153 Juan Peña López 6.1 A Perspective on the
Clinical Application of Alumina and Zirconia 153 6.1.1 Alumina 155 6.1.2
Zirconia 158 6.2 Novel Strategies Based on Alumina and Zirconia Ceramics
160 6.2.1 From Alumina Toughened Zirconia to Alumina Matrix Composite 160
6.2.2 Introduction of Different Species in Zirconia 161 6.2.3 Improvement
of Surface Adhesion 162 6.3 Non-oxidized Ceramics 163 6.3.1 Silicon Nitride
(Si3N4) 163 6.3.2 Silicon Carbide (SiC) 164 References 164 7. Carbon-based
Materials in Biomedicine 175 Mercedes Vila 7.1 Introduction 175 7.2 Carbon
Allotropes 175 7.2.1 Pyrolytic Carbon 176 7.2.2 Carbon Fibers 177 7.2.3
Fullerenes 177 7.2.4 Carbon Nanotubes 179 7.2.5 Graphene 181 7.2.6 Diamond
and Amorphous Carbon 184 7.3 Carbon Compounds 186 7.3.1 Silicon Carbide 186
7.3.2 Boron Carbide 187 7.3.3 Tungsten Carbide 188 References 188 Part III
Material Shaping 193 8. Cements 195 Oscar Castaño and Josep A. Planell
Abbreviations 195 Glossary 196 8.1 Introduction 197 8.1.1 Brief History 197
8.1.2 Definition and Chemistry 199 8.1.3 Description of the Different CaP
Cements 200 8.1.4 State of the Art 201 8.2 Calcium Phosphate Cements 206
8.2.1 Types 206 8.2.2 Mechanisms 206 8.2.3 Relevant Experimental Variables
207 8.2.4 Material Characterization 211 8.2.5 Reaction Evolution of Cements
220 8.2.6 Additives and Strategies to Enhance Properties 222 8.2.7
Biological Characterization and Bioactive Behavior 224 8.3 Applications 229
8.3.1 Bone Defect Repair 229 8.3.2 Drug Delivery Systems 232 8.4 Future
Trends 232 8.5 Conclusions 233 References 234 9. Bioceramic Coatings for
Medical Implants 249 M. Victoria Cabañas 9.1 Introduction 249 9.2 Methods
to Modify the Surface of an Implant 250 9.2.1 Deposited Coatings 251 9.2.2
Conversion Coatings 257 9.3 Bioactive Ceramic Coatings 258 9.3.1 Clinical
Applications 259 9.3.2 Calcium Phosphates-Based Coatings 260 9.3.3
Silica-based Coatings: Glass and Glass-Ceramics 268 9.3.4 Bioactive Ceramic
Layer Formation on a Metallic Substrate 270 9.4 Bioinert Ceramic Coatings
272 9.4.1 Titanium Nitride and Zirconia Coatings 273 9.4.2 Carbon-based
Coatings 275 References 279 10. Scaffold Designing 291 Isabel
Izquierdo-Barba 10.1 Introduction 291 10.2 Essential Requirements for Bone
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 293 10.3 Scaffold Processing Techniques 296
10.3.1 Foam Scaffolds 297 10.3.2 Rapid Prototyping Scaffolds 301 10.3.3
Electrospinning Scaffolds 305 References 307 Part IV Research on Future
Ceramics 315 11. Bone Biology and Regeneration 317 Soledad Pérez-Amodio and
Elisabeth Engel 11.1 Introduction 317 11.2 The Skeleton 318 11.3 Bone
Remodeling 320 11.4 Bone Cells 322 11.4.1 Bone Lining Cells 322 11.4.2
Osteoblasts 323 11.4.3 Osteocytes 323 11.4.4 Osteoclasts 324 11.5 Bone
Extracellular Matrix 327 11.6 Bone Diseases 327 11.6.1 Osteoporosis 328
11.6.2 Paget's Disease 329 11.6.3 Osteomalacia 329 11.6.4 Osteogenesis
Imperfecta 329 11.7 Bone Mechanics 329 11.8 Bone Tissue Regeneration 333
11.8.1 Calcium Phosphate and Silica-based Bioceramics 333 11.8.2 Bioactive
Glasses 334 11.8.3 Calcium Phosphate Cements 335 11.9 Conclusions 336
References 336 12. Ceramics for Drug Delivery 343 Miguel Manzano 12.1
Introduction 343 12.2 Drug Delivery 344 12.3 Drug Delivery from Calcium
Phosphates 346 12.3.1 Drug Delivery from Hydroxyapatite 346 12.3.2 Drug
Delivery from Tricalcium Phosphates 348 12.3.3 Drug Delivery from Calcium
Phosphate Cements 348 12.4 Drug Delivery from Silica-based Ceramics 351
12.4.1 Drug Delivery from Glasses 351 12.4.2 Drug Delivery from Mesoporous
Silica 355 12.5 Drug Delivery from Carbon Nanotubes 363 12.6 Drug Delivery
from Ceramic Coatings 365 References 366 13. Ceramics for Gene Transfection
383 Blanca González 13.1 Gene Transfection 383 13.2 Gene Transfection Based
on Nonviral Vectors 386 13.3 Ceramic Nanoparticles for Gene Transfection
388 13.3.1 Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles 391 13.3.2 Mesoporous Silica
Nanoparticles 393 13.3.3 Carbon Allotropes (Fullerenes, CNTs, Graphene
Oxide) 397 13.3.4 Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 403 References 410 14.
Ceramic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment 421 Alejandro Baeza 14.1
Delivery of Nanocarriers to Solid Tumors 421 14.1.1 Special Issues of Tumor
Vasculature: Enhanced Permeation and Retention Effect (EPR) 422 14.1.2
Tumor Microenvironment 423 14.2 Ceramic Nanoparticle Pharmacokinetics in
Cancer Treatment 424 14.2.1 Biodistribution and Excretion/Clearance
Pathways 424 14.2.2 Toxicity of the Ceramic Nanoparticles 426 14.3
Cancer-targeted Therapy 428 14.3.1 Endocytic Mechanism of Targeted Drug
Delivery 428 14.3.2 Specific Tumor Active Targeting 430 14.3.3
Angiogenesis-associated Active Targeting 432 14.4 Ceramic Nanoparticles for
Cancer Treatment 434 14.4.1 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles 434 14.4.2
Calcium Phosphates Nanoparticles 440 14.4.3 Carbon Allotropes 440 14.4.4
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Hyperthermia 442 14.5 Imaging and Theranostic
Applications 443 References 446 Index 457