This book examines the evolution of women's participation in contemporary armed conflict in West Africa with emphasis on Mali. Women's participation in war have always been overlooked. Reports and most of academics works regarding Africa describe women as solely victims or care givers. However, understanding women experience in armed conflicts is key in post-conflict reconstruction. When ignores it can threaten the stability of post conflict reconstruction. The first section, analyses the Touareg's conflict by giving the structural causes, proximate and the triggers. Then the second section outlines the resilience, the evolution of women participation in armed conflict in Mali.