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Current developments in the renewable energy field, and the trend toward self-production and self-consumption of energy, has led to increased interest in the means of storing electrical energy; a key element of sustainable development. This book provides an in-depth view of the environmentally responsible energy solutions currently available for use in the building sector. It highlights the importance of storing electrical energy, demonstrates the many services that the storage of electrical energy can bring, and discusses the important socio-economic factors related to the emergence of…mehr
Current developments in the renewable energy field, and the trend toward self-production and self-consumption of energy, has led to increased interest in the means of storing electrical energy; a key element of sustainable development.
This book provides an in-depth view of the environmentally responsible energy solutions currently available for use in the building sector. It highlights the importance of storing electrical energy, demonstrates the many services that the storage of electrical energy can bring, and discusses the important socio-economic factors related to the emergence of smart buildings and smart grids. Finally, it presents the methodological tools needed to build a system of storage-based energy management, illustrated by concrete, pedagogic examples.
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Autorenporträt
Benoît Robyns is Research Director at HEI-Yncréa Lille, and Vice President of Energy and Societal Transition at Lille Catholic University. He is the head of the "Power Systems" team at L2EP
Arnaud Davigny is a lecturer at HEI-Yncréa Lille and researcher at L2EP
Hervé Barry is a lecturer at Lille Catholic University, Faculty of Management, Economics and Sciences
Sabine Kazmierczak is a lecturer at Lille Catholic University, Faculty of Management, Economics and Sciences
Christophe Saudemont is a Professor at HEI-Yncréa Lille and researcher at L2EP
Dhaker Abbes is a lecturer at HEI-Yncréa Lille and researcher at L2EP
Bruno François is a Professor at Ecole Centrale de Lille and researcher at L2EP
Inhaltsangabe
Foreword xi
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1. Storing Electrical Energy in Habitat: Toward "Smart Buildings" and "Smart Cities" 1
1.1. Toward smarter electrical grids 1
1.1.1. The move to decentralize electrical grids 1
1.1.2. Smart grids 2
1.2. Storage requirements in buildings 4
1.3. Difficulties in storing electrical energy 5
1.4. Electricity supply in buildings 7
1.4.1. Building supply and consumption 7
1.4.2. Self-production and self-consumption 10
1.4.3. Micro-grids 11
1.5. Smart buildings 14
1.6. Smart cities 18
1.7. Socio-economic questions 19
1.7.1. Toward new economic models 19
1.7.2. Social acceptability 20
1.8. Storage management 22
1.9. Methodologies used in developing energy management for storage systems 24
Chapter 2. Energy Storage in a Commercial Building 27
2.1. Introduction 27
2.2. Managing energy storage in a supermarket 27
2.2.1. Introduction 27
2.2.2. System characteristics 28
2.2.3. Electricity billing 31
2.2.4. Objectives of the energy management strategy 32
2.2.5. Fuzzy logic supervisor 33
2.2.6. Simulation 46
2.2.7. Performance analysis using indicators 49
2.3. Conclusion 51
2.4. Acknowledgments 52
Chapter 3. Energy Storage in a Tertiary Building, Combining Photovoltaic Panels and LED Lighting 53
3.1. Introduction 53
3.2. DC network architecture 55
3.3. Energy management 56
3.3.1. Specification 56
3.3.2. System inputs/outputs 58
3.3.3. Functional graph 59
3.3.4. Determination of membership functions 61
3.3.5. Operational graph 63
3.3.6. Fuzzy rules 63
3.4. Simulation results 66
3.4.1. Case 1: favorable grid access conditions (GAC) 68
3.4.2. Case 2: unfavorable GACs 69
3.4.3. Case 3: variable GAC 70
3.4.4. Comparison of results 73
3.5. Conclusion 74
3.6. Acknowledgments 75
Chapter 4. Hybrid Storage Associated with Photovoltaic Technology for Buildings in Non-interconnected Zones 77
4.1. Introduction 77
4.2. Photovoltaic systems in buildings and integration into the grid 78
4.2.1. Context and economic issues 78
4.2.2. Examples of projects 80
4.3. Importance of storage in photovoltaic systems 85
4.3.1. Photovoltaic systems for isolated sites 85
4.3.2. Photovoltaic systems connected to the grid 85
4.3.3. Hybrid storage 86
4.3.4. Electronic conversion structures for hybrid storage 88
4.4. Photovoltaic generator with hybrid storage system 91
4.4.1. Case study 91
4.4.2. Principles and standards for frequency support 93
4.4.3. Calculating battery wear 97
4.5. Energy management 99
4.5.1. Methodology 99
4.5.2. Operating specifications 100
4.5.3. Supervisor structure and determination of input/output 101
4.5.4. Functional graphs 103
4.5.5. Membership functions 105
4.5.6. Operating graphs 108
4.5.7. Fuzzy rules 110
4.5.8. Evaluation indicators 113
4.6. Simulation results 114
4.6.1. Supervisor validation 115
4.6.2. Life expectancy of storage elements 120
4.6.3. Efficiency 123
4.6.4. Levelized cost of energy 126
4.7. Experimental validation of energy management 128
