City councils are supposed to bring about change and as such supposed to involve in a cultural shift- a new way of managing solid waste.( from public to public in collaboration with private participation.) This book discusses different approaches for handling solid waste in Europe and in Africa tracing their course of development since the late 19th century from the old approaches to new approaches. The book also discusses population growth of Mwanza City as a catalyst for the increase of solid waste and environmental pollution. It also highlights Tanzania's policies and legal frameworks in dealing with wastes and the Mwanza management problems that hinder efficient performance. By engaging privatization strategy in commissioning Community Based Organizations ( private sector) to manage solid wastes, there has been little improvement in terms of spatial coverage in cleaning the city, economic impact, social impact and in employment creation. With the aim of helping councils to deliver successful performance outcomes, the book calls upon effective change by investing in other alternative strategies like good local governance including all stakeholders.