Nanotechnology offers a good range of efficient tools and techniques to protect desirable fabric characteristics, most of these focusing on modifications of the fabric surface using nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can help to enhance the physical properties of conventional textiles in areas such as antimicrobial properties, ultra violet protection, water repellence, soil resistance, antistatic, anti-infrared and flame-retardant properties. Textile materials treated with nano materials are aimed at producing finished fabrics with different functional performances. In this book, we will focus on the antimicrobial and UV- protection finishing on textile materials.