A blend of introductory material and advanced signal processing and communication techniques, of critical importance to underwater system and network development This book, which is the first to describe the processing techniques central to underwater OFDM, is arranged into four distinct sections: First, it describes the characteristics of underwater acoustic channels, and stresses the difference from wireless radio channels. Then it goes over the basics of OFDM and channel coding. The second part starts with an overview of the OFDM receiver, and develops various modules for the receiver…mehr
A blend of introductory material and advanced signal processing and communication techniques, of critical importance to underwater system and network development
This book, which is the first to describe the processing techniques central to underwater OFDM, is arranged into four distinct sections: First, it describes the characteristics of underwater acoustic channels, and stresses the difference from wireless radio channels. Then it goes over the basics of OFDM and channel coding. The second part starts with an overview of the OFDM receiver, and develops various modules for the receiver design in systems with single or multiple transmitters. This is the main body of the book. Extensive experimental data sets are used to verify the receiver performance. In the third part, the authors discuss applications of the OFDM receiver in i) deep water channels, which may contain very long separated multipath clusters, ii) interference-rich environments, where an unintentional interference such as Sonar will be present, and iii) a network with multiple users where both non-cooperative and cooperative underwater communications are developed. Lastly, it describes the development of a positioning system with OFDM waveforms, and the progress on the OFDM modem development. Closely related industries include the development and manufacturing of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and scientific sensory equipment. AUVs and sensors in the future could integrate modems, based on the OFDM technology described in this book.
Contents includes: Underwater acoustic channel characteristics/OFDM basics/Peak-to-average-ratio control/Detection and Doppler estimation (Doppler scale and CFO)/Channel estimation and noise estimation/A block-by-block progressive receiver and performance results/Extensions to multi-input multi-output OFDM/Receiver designs for multiple users/Cooperative underwater OFDM (Physical layer network coding and dynamic coded cooperation)/Localization with OFDM waveforms/Modem developments
A valuable resource for Graduate and postgraduate students on electrical engineering or physics courses; electrical engineers, underwater acousticians, communications engineers
S. Zhou, Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engr., University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA Shengli Zhou received his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Minnesota (UMN), Minneapolis, in 2002. Dr. Zhou is a senior member of IEEE, and a member of Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering (CASE). His general research interests lie in the areas of wireless communications and signal processing. For the last six years, he has focused on underwater acoustic communications and networking. For his work on underwater acoustic communications, he received the 2007 Office of Naval Research (ONR) Young Investigator Program (YIP) award and the 2007 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE). He is so far the only UCONN faculty member to ever receive the prestigious PECASE award. Z.-H. Wang, Ph.D Student, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA Ms. Wang is a student member of IEEE. She serves as a technical reviewer for IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, and various conferences. Her research interests lie in the areas of communications, signal processing and detection, with recent focus on multicarrier modulation algorithms and signal processing for underwater acoustic communications and networking.
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Preface xvii Acronyms xix Notation xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Context 1 1.2 UWA Channel Characteristics 3 1.3 Passband Channel Input-Output Relationship 11 1.4 Modulation Techniques for UWA Communications 15 1.5 Organization of the Book 20 2 OFDMBasics 23 2.1 Zero-Padded OFDM 23 2.2 Cyclic-Prefixed OFDM 27 2.3 OFDM Related Issues 28 2.4 Implementation via Discrete Fourier Transform 31 2.5 Challenges and Remedies for OFDM 32 2.6 MIMO OFDM 36 2.7 Bibliographical Notes 38 3 Nonbinary LDPC Coded OFDM 39 3.1 Channel Coding for OFDM 39 3.2 Nonbinary LDPC Codes 43 3.3 Encoding 46 3.4 Decoding 48 3.5 Code Design 52 3.6 Simulation Results of Coded OFDM 58 3.7 Bibliographical Notes 59 4 PAPR Control 63 4.1 PAPR Comparison 63 4.2 PAPR Reduction 65 4.3 Bibliographical Notes 69 5 Receiver Overview and Preprocessing 71 5.1 OFDM Receiver Overview 72 5.2 Receiver Preprocessing 73 5.3 Frequency-Domain Input-Output Relationship 78 5.4 OFDM Receiver Categorization 82 5.5 Receiver Performance Bound with Simulated Channels 85 5.6 Extension to CP-OFDM 88 5.7 Bibliographical Notes 89 6 Detection, Synchronization and Doppler Scale Estimation 91 6.1 Cross-Correlation Based Methods 92 6.2 Detection, Synchronization and Doppler Scale Estimation with CP-OFDM 99 6.3 Synchronization and Doppler Scale Estimation for One ZP-OFDM Block 103 6.4 Simulation Results for Doppler Scale Estimation 104 6.5 Design Examples in Practical Systems 108 6.6 Residual Doppler Frequency Shift Estimation 110 6.7 Bibliographical Notes 115 7 Channel and Noise Variance Estimation 117 7.1 Problem Formulation for ICI-Ignorant Channel Estimation 118 7.2 ICI-Ignorant Sparse Channel Sensing 120 7.3 ICI-Aware Sparse Channel Sensing 124 7.4 Sparse Recovery Algorithms 127 7.5 Extension to Multi-Input Channels 131 7.6 Noise Variance Estimation 134 7.7 Noise Prewhitening 134 7.8 Bibliographical Notes 136 8 Data Detection 137 8.1 Symbol-by-Symbol Detection in ICI-Ignorant OFDM Systems 139 8.2 Block-Based Data Detection in ICI-Aware OFDM Systems 141 8.3 Data Detection for OFDM Systems with Banded ICI 145 8.4 Symbol Detectors for MIMO OFDM 151 8.5 MCMC Method for Data Detection in MIMO OFDM 153 8.6 Bibliographical Notes 155 9 OFDM Receivers with Block-by-Block Processing 157 9.1 Noniterative ICI-Ignorant Receiver 158 9.2 Noniterative ICI-Aware Receiver 161 9.3 Iterative Receiver Processing 164 9.4 ICI-Progressive Receiver 166 9.5 Simulation Results: ICI-Progressive Receiver 168 9.6 Experimental Results: ICI-Progressive Receiver 171 9.7 Discussion 175 9.8 Bibliographical Notes 175 10 OFDM Receiver with Clustered Channel Adaptation 177 10.1 Illustration of Channel Dynamics 177 10.2 Modeling Cluster-Based Block-to-Block Channel Variation 178 10.3 Cluster-Adaptation Based Block-to-Block Receiver 180 10.4 Experimental Results: MACE10 186 10.5 Experimental Results: SPACE08 190 10.6 Discussion 193 10.7 Bibliographical Notes 193 11 OFDM in Deep Water Horizontal Communications 195 11.1 System Model for Deep Water Horizontal Communications 196 11.2 Decision-Feedback Based Receiver Design 199 11.3 Factor-Graph Based Joint IBI/ICI Equalization 200 11.4 Iterative Block-to-Block Receiver Processing 203 11.5 Simulation Results 205 11.6 Experimental Results in the AUTEC Environment 208 11.7 Extension to Underwater Broadcasting Networks 211 11.8 Bibliographical Notes 214 12 OFDM Receiver with Parameterized External Interference Cancellation 215 12.1 Interference Parameterization 215 12.2 An Iterative OFDM Receiver with Interference Cancellation 217 12.3 Simulation Results 221 12.4 Experimental Results: AUTEC10 225 12.5 Emulated Results: SPACE08 227 12.6 Discussion 229 12.7 Bibliographical Notes 229 13 Co-located MIMO OFDM 231 13.1 ICI-Ignorant MIMO-OFDM System Model 232 13.2 ICI-Ignorant MIMO-OFDM Receiver 233 13.3 Simulation Results: ICI-Ignorant MIMO OFDM 234 13.4 SPACE08 Experimental Results: ICI-Ignorant MIMO OFDM 237 13.5 ICI-Aware MIMO-OFDM System Model 237 13.6 ICI-Progressive MIMO-OFDM Receiver 237 13.7 Simulation Results: ICI-Progressive MIMO OFDM 241 13.8 SPACE08 Experiment: ICI-Progressive MIMO OFDM 242 13.9 MACE10 Experiment: ICI-Progressive MIMO OFDM 244 13.10 Initialization for the ICI-Progressive MIMO OFDM 246 13.11 Bibliographical Notes 246 14 Distributed MIMO OFDM 249 14.1 System Model 250 14.2 Multiple-Resampling Front-End Processing 251 14.3 Multiuser Detection (MUD) Based Iterative Receiver 252 14.4 Single-User Detection (SUD) Based Iterative Receiver 255 14.5 An Emulated Two-User System Using MACE10 Data 257 14.6 Emulated MIMO OFDM with MACE10 and SPACE08 Data 260 14.7 Bibliographical Notes 263 15 Asynchronous Multiuser OFDM 265 15.1 System Model for Asynchronous Multiuser OFDM 266 15.2 Overlapped Truncation and Interference Aggregation 267 15.3 An Asynchronous Multiuser OFDM Receiver 269 15.4 Investigation on Multiuser Asynchronism in an Example Network 275 15.5 Simulation Results 276 15.6 Emulated Results: MACE10 281 15.7 Bibliographical Notes 284 16 OFDM in Relay Channels 285 16.1 Dynamic Coded Cooperation in a Single-Relay Network 285 16.2 A Design Example Based on Rate-Compatible Channel Coding 289 16.3 A Design Example Based on Layered Erasure- and Error-Correction Coding 292 16.4 Dynamic Block Cycling over a Line Network 299 16.5 Bibliographical Notes 302 17 OFDM-Modulated Physical-Layer Network Coding 303 17.1 System Model for the OFDM-Modulated PLNC 305 17.2 Three Iterative OFDM Receivers 306 17.3 Outage Probability Bounds in Time-Invariant Channels 309 17.4 Simulation Results 310 17.5 Experimental Results: SPACE08 314 17.6 Bibliographical Notes 315 18 OFDM Modem Development 317 18.1 Components of an Acoustic Modem 317 18.2 OFDM Acoustic Modem in Air 318 18.3 OFDM Lab Modem 318 18.4 AquaSeNT OFDM Modem 320 18.5 Bibliographical Notes 321 19 Underwater Ranging and Localization 323 19.1 Ranging 324 19.2 Underwater GPS 325 19.3 On-Demand Asynchronous Localization 336 19.4 Bibliographical Notes 344 Appendix A Compressive Sensing 345 A.1 Compressive Sensing 346 A.2 Sparse Recovery Algorithms 348 A.3 Applications of Compressive Sensing 350 Appendix B Experiment Description 353 B.1 SPACE08 Experiment 353 B.2 MACE10 Experiment 354 References 359 Index 383