Never in the history of development of scientific frontiers has a subject so close to applied aspects in society, environments and human concerns as the domain of Microbiology. The present book is the outcome of role of microorganisms both advantageous and disadvantageous to man and his activities. There is growing appreciation for the replacement of synthetic materials and reagents with natural substitutes. Major topics included are microbial decolorization and degradation of dye, bioplastic production, biosorption of heavy metals by the use of microbial cultures for the pollution control. Advances in Microbiology is designed to serve as a source of reference for both researchers and students as the book is concise, readable format providing efficient use in a variety of academic settings. Illustrations chosen to clarify basic and technical concepts. I am confident that the book will be widely accepted by all the students, teachers and researchers in the field of Microbiology and Biotechnology.