The book is a comprehensive manual of practice for execution of afforestation and tree planting programmes in arid and semi-arid tropics. It includes a compact running account of the technology of afforestation and the relevant principles and practices in management of afforestation projects. It provides a wide range of structured information and a number of model designs which can be gainfully put to use by the field level supervisors as also by the managers concerned with planning and control of such projects. Written by a practising specialist, the book is invaluable for anyone concerned…mehr
The book is a comprehensive manual of practice for execution of afforestation and tree planting programmes in arid and semi-arid tropics. It includes a compact running account of the technology of afforestation and the relevant principles and practices in management of afforestation projects. It provides a wide range of structured information and a number of model designs which can be gainfully put to use by the field level supervisors as also by the managers concerned with planning and control of such projects. Written by a practising specialist, the book is invaluable for anyone concerned with the practice of afforestation and tree planting, be he a tree hobbyist or a school teacher, a professional forester or a senior policy maker in government, an industrialist or a philanthropist, an environmental activist or a member of a community service organization.
Foreword.- Preface.- Acknowledgement.- PART 1 TECHNOLOGY.- Chapter 1 Introduction.- 1.1 The imperative of afforestation and reforestation.- 1.1 Afforestation and reforestation for conservation.- 1.2 Afforestation and reforestation for subsistence economy and livelihoods.- 1.3 Afforestation, reforestation, forest restoration and tree planting.- 1.4 Afforestation for industrial-commercial purposes.- 1.5 The technology of afforestation 1.6 Participation of local communities.- 1.7 Constraints in afforestation and reforestation.- 1.8 Constraints specific to arid and semi-arid areas.- 1.9 Costs in afforestation.- Chapter 2 Nursery Techniques.- 2.1 Establishment of a new nursery.- 2.2 Plant production plan.- 2.3 Planning seasonal activities.- 2.4 Procurement and storage of seeds.- 2.5 Procurement of manure, clay and sand.- 2.6 Procurement and storage of polypots.- 2.7 Filling the polypots.- 2.8 Preparing seedbeds and motherbeds.- 2.9 Sowing seeds in polypots and beds.- 2.10. Transplanting and potting.- 2.11 Irrigating plants in pots and beds.- 2.12 Weeding and cleaning.- 2.13 Protection from insects and pests.- 2.14 Pot turning.- 2.15 Preparing and planting cuttings.- 2.16. Culling, selection and grading.- 2.17 Transportation of plants.- Chapter 3 Site Selection, Survey and Treatment Plan.- 3.1 Site Selection.- 3.2 Surveying a site using chain & compass 3.3 Plain table survey.- 3.4 Tachymetric survey.- 3.5 Advanced automatic surveying equipment.- 3.6 Setting out contours with hydrostatic level.- 3.7 Setting out engineering structures with hsl.- 3.8 Site treatment plan.- Chapter 4 Fencing Work.- 4.1 Stone wall fence.- 4.2 Ditch-cum-bund fence.- 4.3 Barbed-wire fence.- 4.4 Live-hedge in fencing.- 4.5 Entrance gate and inspection path.- Chapter 5 Soil-and-Water Conservation Works.- 5.1 Alignment of structures.- 5.2 Digging of contour trench.- 5.3 Digging of v-ditch.- 5.4 Digging of pits.- 5.5 Contourdike-cum-terraces.- 5.6 Bench terraces and gradoni.- 5.7 Contour bunds and contour furrows.- 5.8 Vegetative barriers.- 5.9 Loose-stone checkdams.- 5.10 Stopdams and weirs.- 5.11 Earthen embankments.- Chapter 6 Planting, Regeneration, Aftercare and Maintenance.- 6.1 Time and season for planting.- 6.2 Transporting plants to pits.- 6.3 The operation of planting.- 6.4 Making of pit-saucers.- 6.5 Beating up casualties.- 6.6 Ensuring continued protection.- 6.7 Replacement of casualties.- 6.8 Removal of weeds.- 6.9 Hoeing the plants.- 6.10 Watering the plants.- 6.11 Fertilising and manuring.- 6.12 Growth of plants.- 6.13 Tending the rootstock.- 6.14 Maintenance of s&wc structures.- 6.15 Plantation maintenance in sand dunes.- 6.16 Long-term maintenance.- PART 2 MANAGEMENT.- Chapter 7 Costing and Estimation of Works.- 7.1 Schedule of labour rates.- 7.2 Model treatment plans.- 7.3 Units of measurement and conversion tables.- Chapter 8 Organizing and Staffing Programmes and Projects.- 8.1 Organisation structure and staffing.- 8.2 Organisational effectiveness.- Chapter 9 Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation.- 9.1 Planning time-critical activities.- 9.2 Monitoring, evaluation and review.- 9.3 Quality control and work productivity.- 9.4 Recordkeeping and documentation.- Chapter 10 Ensuring Sustainability.- 10.1 Institutional sustainability.- 10.2 Resource sustainability.
Foreword.- Preface.- Acknowledgement.- PART 1 TECHNOLOGY.- Chapter 1 Introduction.- 1.1 The imperative of afforestation and reforestation.- 1.1 Afforestation and reforestation for conservation.- 1.2 Afforestation and reforestation for subsistence economy and livelihoods.- 1.3 Afforestation, reforestation, forest restoration and tree planting.- 1.4 Afforestation for industrial-commercial purposes.- 1.5 The technology of afforestation 1.6 Participation of local communities.- 1.7 Constraints in afforestation and reforestation.- 1.8 Constraints specific to arid and semi-arid areas.- 1.9 Costs in afforestation.- Chapter 2 Nursery Techniques.- 2.1 Establishment of a new nursery.- 2.2 Plant production plan.- 2.3 Planning seasonal activities.- 2.4 Procurement and storage of seeds.- 2.5 Procurement of manure, clay and sand.- 2.6 Procurement and storage of polypots.- 2.7 Filling the polypots.- 2.8 Preparing seedbeds and motherbeds.- 2.9 Sowing seeds in polypots and beds.- 2.10. Transplanting and potting.- 2.11 Irrigating plants in pots and beds.- 2.12 Weeding and cleaning.- 2.13 Protection from insects and pests.- 2.14 Pot turning.- 2.15 Preparing and planting cuttings.- 2.16. Culling, selection and grading.- 2.17 Transportation of plants.- Chapter 3 Site Selection, Survey and Treatment Plan.- 3.1 Site Selection.- 3.2 Surveying a site using chain & compass 3.3 Plain table survey.- 3.4 Tachymetric survey.- 3.5 Advanced automatic surveying equipment.- 3.6 Setting out contours with hydrostatic level.- 3.7 Setting out engineering structures with hsl.- 3.8 Site treatment plan.- Chapter 4 Fencing Work.- 4.1 Stone wall fence.- 4.2 Ditch-cum-bund fence.- 4.3 Barbed-wire fence.- 4.4 Live-hedge in fencing.- 4.5 Entrance gate and inspection path.- Chapter 5 Soil-and-Water Conservation Works.- 5.1 Alignment of structures.- 5.2 Digging of contour trench.- 5.3 Digging of v-ditch.- 5.4 Digging of pits.- 5.5 Contourdike-cum-terraces.- 5.6 Bench terraces and gradoni.- 5.7 Contour bunds and contour furrows.- 5.8 Vegetative barriers.- 5.9 Loose-stone checkdams.- 5.10 Stopdams and weirs.- 5.11 Earthen embankments.- Chapter 6 Planting, Regeneration, Aftercare and Maintenance.- 6.1 Time and season for planting.- 6.2 Transporting plants to pits.- 6.3 The operation of planting.- 6.4 Making of pit-saucers.- 6.5 Beating up casualties.- 6.6 Ensuring continued protection.- 6.7 Replacement of casualties.- 6.8 Removal of weeds.- 6.9 Hoeing the plants.- 6.10 Watering the plants.- 6.11 Fertilising and manuring.- 6.12 Growth of plants.- 6.13 Tending the rootstock.- 6.14 Maintenance of s&wc structures.- 6.15 Plantation maintenance in sand dunes.- 6.16 Long-term maintenance.- PART 2 MANAGEMENT.- Chapter 7 Costing and Estimation of Works.- 7.1 Schedule of labour rates.- 7.2 Model treatment plans.- 7.3 Units of measurement and conversion tables.- Chapter 8 Organizing and Staffing Programmes and Projects.- 8.1 Organisation structure and staffing.- 8.2 Organisational effectiveness.- Chapter 9 Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation.- 9.1 Planning time-critical activities.- 9.2 Monitoring, evaluation and review.- 9.3 Quality control and work productivity.- 9.4 Recordkeeping and documentation.- Chapter 10 Ensuring Sustainability.- 10.1 Institutional sustainability.- 10.2 Resource sustainability.
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