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Most books on hematopathology are neoplastic in scope and offer little non-neoplastic content. In Non-Neoplastic Hematopathology and Infections, the authors fully describe the hematologic manifestations in tissue and blood of infectious agents, including many rare and exotic diseases found in both Western and Eastern hemispheres, in order to assist pathologists and medical laboratory professionals all over the world in better diagnosing and treating such infections.
Thoroughly illustrated with photographs, tables and text, this book features a wide range of non-neoplastic hematologic…mehr
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Most books on hematopathology are neoplastic in scope and offer little non-neoplastic content. In Non-Neoplastic Hematopathology and Infections, the authors fully describe the hematologic manifestations in tissue and blood of infectious agents, including many rare and exotic diseases found in both Western and Eastern hemispheres, in order to assist pathologists and medical laboratory professionals all over the world in better diagnosing and treating such infections.
Thoroughly illustrated with photographs, tables and text, this book features a wide range of non-neoplastic hematologic disorders, as well as reactive patterns of non-infectious and infectious agents. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art diagnostic materials are described, as are the epidemiology, pathobiology, clinical and pathologic manifestations in blood and lymphatic organs--as well as the approaches to treatment.
In addition, Non-Neoplastic Hematopathology and Infections:
Contains detailed information on the pathology and patterns of blood, lymph node, and a number of bone marrow and splenic infections and infectious agent manifestations
Thoroughly updates the classic pathology of reactive lymphadenopathies and extends this pattern-based approach to tropical and emergent infections
Promotes the multidisciplinary integration of hematopathologists and microbiologists in the analysis and diagnostic work-up of tissue and blood
Complements current major treatises on such tropical diseases as Manson's, Ashworth's, and Doerr's and updates the classic tomes of William St. Clair Symmers and current texts on neoplastic hematopathology
Non-Neoplastic Hematopathology and Infections is an important book for any medical professional interested in non-neoplastic hematology, infections and tissue hematopathology, infectious diseases and tropical medicine, and tropical hematopathology.
Thoroughly illustrated with photographs, tables and text, this book features a wide range of non-neoplastic hematologic disorders, as well as reactive patterns of non-infectious and infectious agents. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art diagnostic materials are described, as are the epidemiology, pathobiology, clinical and pathologic manifestations in blood and lymphatic organs--as well as the approaches to treatment.
In addition, Non-Neoplastic Hematopathology and Infections:
Contains detailed information on the pathology and patterns of blood, lymph node, and a number of bone marrow and splenic infections and infectious agent manifestations
Thoroughly updates the classic pathology of reactive lymphadenopathies and extends this pattern-based approach to tropical and emergent infections
Promotes the multidisciplinary integration of hematopathologists and microbiologists in the analysis and diagnostic work-up of tissue and blood
Complements current major treatises on such tropical diseases as Manson's, Ashworth's, and Doerr's and updates the classic tomes of William St. Clair Symmers and current texts on neoplastic hematopathology
Non-Neoplastic Hematopathology and Infections is an important book for any medical professional interested in non-neoplastic hematology, infections and tissue hematopathology, infectious diseases and tropical medicine, and tropical hematopathology.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 14564600000
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 608
- Erscheinungstermin: 22. Mai 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 287mm x 225mm x 38mm
- Gewicht: 1896g
- ISBN-13: 9780470646007
- ISBN-10: 0470646004
- Artikelnr.: 34438909
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 14564600000
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 608
- Erscheinungstermin: 22. Mai 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 287mm x 225mm x 38mm
- Gewicht: 1896g
- ISBN-13: 9780470646007
- ISBN-10: 0470646004
- Artikelnr.: 34438909
Hernani Cualing MD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Director of the Hematopathology Fellowship Training Program at the University of South Florida College of Medicine in Tampa, Florida. He is also an active hematopathologist at the Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute there. In addition to his research into such topics as mantle cell and T cell lymphomas, Dr. Cualing has long been fascinated with the analysis, diagnosis, and treatment of non-neoplastic and infectious blood, marrow, and lymph diseases. Parul Bhargava, MD, is Medical Director in the Hematology Laboratory at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Needham Campus in Boston, and a staff and faculty physician in the Pathology department there. Her primary research interests are in studying hematopoietic neoplasms and newer markers in Hodgkin Lymphoma, but she also has a strong, separate clinical interest in studying the effects of immunodeficiency and infections, particularly HIV, on the hematopoietic system. Ramon L. Sandin, MD, MS, FCAP, ABP-MM, is a Clinical Pathologist and Medical Director of Clinical Microbiology and Virology in the Department of Hematopathology, Laboratory Medicine, and in the Blood and Marrow Transplant Program at the Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida 33612-9497. His special areas of expertise and research interests are in clinical microbiology and virology, and laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. This includes 'wet' laboratory work-ups and tissue section diagnosis as well as molecular diagnostic techniques.
Contributors
xix Foreword
xxiii Preface
xxv Acknowledgments
xxvii Introduction
xxix PART I Non-neoplastic Hematology 1 CHAPTER ONE Non-neoplastic Disorders of White Blood Cells 3 Rebecca A. Levy
Vandita P. Johari
and Liron Pantanowitz Overview of WBC Production and Function
3 Quantitative Disorders of WBCS
6 Qualitative Disorders of WBCS
21 References
26 CHAPTER TWO Non-neoplastic Disorders of Platelets 31 Lija Joseph Platelet Production Structure and Function
31 Quantitative Disorders of Platelets
33 Qualitative Disorders of Platelets
39 References
43 CHAPTER THREE Approach to Disorders of Red Blood Cells 45 Jason C. Ford Introduction
45 The Anemias
45 The Approach to Anemia
50 The Polycythemias
63 References
63 CHAPTER FOUR Microcytic
Normocytic
and Macrocytic Anemias 65 Reza Setoodeh and Loveleen C. Kang Microcytic Anemias
65 Normocytic Anemias
74 Macrocytic Anemias
81 References
86 CHAPTER FIVE Disorders of Hemoglobin 89 Parul Bhargava Overview
89 Quantitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
89 Qualitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
97 Mixed-Quantitative Qualitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
104 Double Heterozygous States
105 Approach to Diagnosis of Hemoglobin Disorders
106 References
111 PART II Infectious Aspects of Hematology 113 CHAPTER SIX Apicomplexal Parasites of Peripheral Blood
Bone Marrow
and Spleen: The Genera Plasmodium
Babesia
and Toxoplasma 115 Lynne S. Garcia Plasmodium
115 Babesia
125 Toxoplasma
128 References
134 CHAPTER SEVEN Blood and Tissue Flagellates of the Class Kinetoplastidea: The Genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma 139 Raul E. Villanueva and Stephen D. Allen Leishmaniasis
139 Chagas' Disease
145 African Trypanosomiasis
150 References
155 CHAPTER EIGHT Proteobacteria and Rickettsial Agents: Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis and Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis 159 Sheldon Campbell and Tal Oren Microbiology and Epidemiology of HGA and HME
159 Clinical Syndromes
160 Differential Diagnosis
160 Diagnostic Approach
161 Prevention and Treatment
163 References
163 CHAPTER NINE Clinically Significant Fungal Yeasts 165 Ramon L. Sandin Introduction
165 Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (H. capsulatum)
166 Blastomyces dermatitidis
170 Coccidioides immitis
174 Cryptococcus neoformans
178 Candida albicans and other Candida Species
183 Malassezia furfur
188 References
193 CHAPTER TEN Hematologic Aspects of Tropical Infections 195 Deniz Peker Anemia in Tropical Infections
195 Vascular Purpuras
202 References
203 PART III Non-neoplastic Lymph Node Pathology and Infections 205 CHAPTER ELEVEN Classification of Reactive Lymphadenopathy 207 Hernani D. Cualing Introduction
207 References
229 CHAPTER TWELVE Lymph Node Biology
Markers and Disease 231 Hernani D. Cualing Peripheral Lymphoid Tissue
231 Pathophysiology
231 Cortex
232 Paracortex
240 Sinus Histiocytes
242 Epithelioid Histiocytes and Granulomas
243 Nodal Framework
243 References
246 CHAPTER THIRTEEN Lymphadenopathy with Predominant Follicular Patterns 249 Shohreh Iravani Dickinson
Jun Mo
and Hernani D. Cualing Germinal Center Hyperplasia
249 Regressive Transformation of Germinal Center (Atrophic) Pattern
256 Progressive Transformation of Germinal Center Pattern
267 Marginal Zone Hyperplasia and Mantle Cell Hyperplasia
273 Reactive Follicular Pattern
Mixed with Other Patterns
Specific Entities
276 Mixed Pattern with Follicular Hyperplasia
Microgranulomas
Monocytoid Hyperplasia
278 Follicular Hyperplasia with Capsular Fibrosis and Plasmacytosis-Syphilis
282 References
284 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Paracortical Pattern
Noninfectious Etiology 291 Ling Zhang and Jeremy W. Bowers Paracortical Hyperplasia
291 Dermatopathic Lymphadenopathy
297 Reactive Immunoblastic Proliferation
301 Postvaccinal Lymphadenitis
307 Drug-Induced Lymphadenopathy
309 Anticonvulsant (Phenytoin)-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder
309 Methotrexate-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder
312 References
315 CHAPTER FIFTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Diffuse Paracortical Pattern--Infectious Etiology 323 Jeremy W. Bowers and Ling Zhang Introduction
323 Infectious Mononucleosis Lymphadenitis
323 Cytomegalovirus Lymphadenitis
329 Herpes Simplex Virus Lymphadenitis
333 Varicella Zoster Lymphadenitis
337 References
340 CHAPTER SIXTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Sinus Pattern 347 Hernani D. Cualing Sinuses and Vascular Supply
347 Sinus Histiocytosis
Nonspecific
347 Signet Ring Histiocytosis
354 Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (or Rosai-Dorfman Disease)
355 Pigmented Sinus Histiocytic Pattern Secondary to Iron Overload from Hemochromatosis
Transfusion
or Hemolysis
357 Histiocytic Reaction to Foreign Matter
359 Sinus Pattern from Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
361 Immature "Sinus Histiocytosis" or Monocytoid B-Cell Hyperplasia
363 Reactive Hemophagocytic Syndromes
365 Vascular Transformation of Sinuses (VTS)
366 Whipple's Disease (WD) Lymphadenopathy
368 References
370 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Mixed Lymph Node Patterns: Stromal and Histiocytic Reactions
NonInfectious 375 Hernani D. Cualing Proteinaceous Lymphadenopathy Including Immunoglobulin Deposition Lymphadenopathy
375 Lymph Node Fibrosis or Fibrotic Changes
Nonspecific
377 Inflammatory Pseudotumor of Lymph Nodes
379 Fatty Replacement or Fatty Changes
Nonspecific
383 Tumor Reactive Granulomatas
384 References
386 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Mixed Lymph Node Patterns: Including Granulomatous Lymphadenopathy
Noninfectious 389 Xiaohui Zhang and Hernani D. Cualing Mixed Pattern with Follicular Hyperplasia and Eosinophilia
389 Mixed Nonnecrotizing ''Dry'' Granulomas
396 Mixed Pattern with Hemorrhage and Infarction
404 Mixed Necrotizing Pattern with No or Minimal Granulomas
406 Necrotizing Nonsuppurative Granulomatas
410 Necrotizing Suppurative Granulomatas
413 Granulomatous Change within Germinal Centers
415 Mixed Pattern with Plasmacytosis
418 References
420 CHAPTER NINETEEN Mixed Patterns in Lymph Node
Suppurative Necrotizing Granulomatous Infectious Lymphadenopathy 427 Hernani D. Cualing and Gary Hellerman Cat-Scratch Disease
427 Tularemia
431 Lymphogranuloma venereum
433 Chancroid
H. ducreyi
434 Yersinia enterocolitica/pseudotuberculosis Lymphadenitis
435 Brucellosis
437 Melioidosis
439 Typhoid Lymphadenitis (Salmonella typhi)
442 References
444 CHAPTER TWENTY Mixed Patterns: Emergent/Tropical Infections with Characterized Lymphadenopathy 447 Hernani D. Cualing Mixed Pattern with Granulomatas and Diagnostic Microorganisms
447 Lymphadenopathy Secondary to Localized Filariasis
449 Schistosomiasis
453 Leishmaniasis
454 Mixed Pattern with Granulomas and Foamy Macrophages
457 Mixed Pattern with Deposition of Interstitial Substance
459 Mixed Pattern with Caseation Necrosis
461 Mixed Pattern Atypical Mycobacterial Infections in AIDS
463 Mixed Pattern with Angiomatoid Change
467 Mixed Pattern with Spent Granulomas and Extracellular Organisms
470 African Histoplamosis Secondary to H. capsulatum var duboisii
474 References
476 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Cytopathology of Non-neoplastic and Infectious Lymphadenopathy 481 Sara E. Monaco
Liron Pantanowitz
and Walid E. Khalbuss Technical Components
483 Approach to Cytomorphologic Evaluation of Lymph Nodes
484 FNA Reporting Terminology
485 Intraoperative Touch Preparation
487 Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia
487 Inflammatory and Infectious Causes of Lymphadenopathy
488 Other Causes of Lymphadenopathy
497 Lymphadenopathy in the Pediatric Patient
504 Use of Ancillary Studies
504 Molecular Studies
506 References
506 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Mixed Patterns In Lymph Node: Tropical Infectious Lymphadenopathy and Hematopathology
Not Otherwise Characterized 511 Hernani D. Cualing Introduction
511 Hemorrhagic Lymphadenopathy
511 Sinus Pattern
517 Diffuse Pattern with Depletion and Atypical Immunoblastic Reaction
525 Unusual Granulomas Q Fever
531 References
533 PART IV Non-neoplastic Findings in Bone Marrow Transplantation 537 CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE Non-neoplastic Hematopathology of Bone Marrow Transplant and Infections 539 Taiga Nishihori and Ernesto Ayala Introduction
539 Fundamental Principles of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT)
539 Characteristics of Pretransplant Bone Marrow
542 Hematopoietic Regeneration
542 Chimerism
543 Post-Transplantation Marrow
543 Complications of Hematopoietic Regeneration
547 Conclusion
551 References
552 Index
559
xix Foreword
xxiii Preface
xxv Acknowledgments
xxvii Introduction
xxix PART I Non-neoplastic Hematology 1 CHAPTER ONE Non-neoplastic Disorders of White Blood Cells 3 Rebecca A. Levy
Vandita P. Johari
and Liron Pantanowitz Overview of WBC Production and Function
3 Quantitative Disorders of WBCS
6 Qualitative Disorders of WBCS
21 References
26 CHAPTER TWO Non-neoplastic Disorders of Platelets 31 Lija Joseph Platelet Production Structure and Function
31 Quantitative Disorders of Platelets
33 Qualitative Disorders of Platelets
39 References
43 CHAPTER THREE Approach to Disorders of Red Blood Cells 45 Jason C. Ford Introduction
45 The Anemias
45 The Approach to Anemia
50 The Polycythemias
63 References
63 CHAPTER FOUR Microcytic
Normocytic
and Macrocytic Anemias 65 Reza Setoodeh and Loveleen C. Kang Microcytic Anemias
65 Normocytic Anemias
74 Macrocytic Anemias
81 References
86 CHAPTER FIVE Disorders of Hemoglobin 89 Parul Bhargava Overview
89 Quantitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
89 Qualitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
97 Mixed-Quantitative Qualitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
104 Double Heterozygous States
105 Approach to Diagnosis of Hemoglobin Disorders
106 References
111 PART II Infectious Aspects of Hematology 113 CHAPTER SIX Apicomplexal Parasites of Peripheral Blood
Bone Marrow
and Spleen: The Genera Plasmodium
Babesia
and Toxoplasma 115 Lynne S. Garcia Plasmodium
115 Babesia
125 Toxoplasma
128 References
134 CHAPTER SEVEN Blood and Tissue Flagellates of the Class Kinetoplastidea: The Genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma 139 Raul E. Villanueva and Stephen D. Allen Leishmaniasis
139 Chagas' Disease
145 African Trypanosomiasis
150 References
155 CHAPTER EIGHT Proteobacteria and Rickettsial Agents: Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis and Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis 159 Sheldon Campbell and Tal Oren Microbiology and Epidemiology of HGA and HME
159 Clinical Syndromes
160 Differential Diagnosis
160 Diagnostic Approach
161 Prevention and Treatment
163 References
163 CHAPTER NINE Clinically Significant Fungal Yeasts 165 Ramon L. Sandin Introduction
165 Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (H. capsulatum)
166 Blastomyces dermatitidis
170 Coccidioides immitis
174 Cryptococcus neoformans
178 Candida albicans and other Candida Species
183 Malassezia furfur
188 References
193 CHAPTER TEN Hematologic Aspects of Tropical Infections 195 Deniz Peker Anemia in Tropical Infections
195 Vascular Purpuras
202 References
203 PART III Non-neoplastic Lymph Node Pathology and Infections 205 CHAPTER ELEVEN Classification of Reactive Lymphadenopathy 207 Hernani D. Cualing Introduction
207 References
229 CHAPTER TWELVE Lymph Node Biology
Markers and Disease 231 Hernani D. Cualing Peripheral Lymphoid Tissue
231 Pathophysiology
231 Cortex
232 Paracortex
240 Sinus Histiocytes
242 Epithelioid Histiocytes and Granulomas
243 Nodal Framework
243 References
246 CHAPTER THIRTEEN Lymphadenopathy with Predominant Follicular Patterns 249 Shohreh Iravani Dickinson
Jun Mo
and Hernani D. Cualing Germinal Center Hyperplasia
249 Regressive Transformation of Germinal Center (Atrophic) Pattern
256 Progressive Transformation of Germinal Center Pattern
267 Marginal Zone Hyperplasia and Mantle Cell Hyperplasia
273 Reactive Follicular Pattern
Mixed with Other Patterns
Specific Entities
276 Mixed Pattern with Follicular Hyperplasia
Microgranulomas
Monocytoid Hyperplasia
278 Follicular Hyperplasia with Capsular Fibrosis and Plasmacytosis-Syphilis
282 References
284 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Paracortical Pattern
Noninfectious Etiology 291 Ling Zhang and Jeremy W. Bowers Paracortical Hyperplasia
291 Dermatopathic Lymphadenopathy
297 Reactive Immunoblastic Proliferation
301 Postvaccinal Lymphadenitis
307 Drug-Induced Lymphadenopathy
309 Anticonvulsant (Phenytoin)-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder
309 Methotrexate-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder
312 References
315 CHAPTER FIFTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Diffuse Paracortical Pattern--Infectious Etiology 323 Jeremy W. Bowers and Ling Zhang Introduction
323 Infectious Mononucleosis Lymphadenitis
323 Cytomegalovirus Lymphadenitis
329 Herpes Simplex Virus Lymphadenitis
333 Varicella Zoster Lymphadenitis
337 References
340 CHAPTER SIXTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Sinus Pattern 347 Hernani D. Cualing Sinuses and Vascular Supply
347 Sinus Histiocytosis
Nonspecific
347 Signet Ring Histiocytosis
354 Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (or Rosai-Dorfman Disease)
355 Pigmented Sinus Histiocytic Pattern Secondary to Iron Overload from Hemochromatosis
Transfusion
or Hemolysis
357 Histiocytic Reaction to Foreign Matter
359 Sinus Pattern from Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
361 Immature "Sinus Histiocytosis" or Monocytoid B-Cell Hyperplasia
363 Reactive Hemophagocytic Syndromes
365 Vascular Transformation of Sinuses (VTS)
366 Whipple's Disease (WD) Lymphadenopathy
368 References
370 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Mixed Lymph Node Patterns: Stromal and Histiocytic Reactions
NonInfectious 375 Hernani D. Cualing Proteinaceous Lymphadenopathy Including Immunoglobulin Deposition Lymphadenopathy
375 Lymph Node Fibrosis or Fibrotic Changes
Nonspecific
377 Inflammatory Pseudotumor of Lymph Nodes
379 Fatty Replacement or Fatty Changes
Nonspecific
383 Tumor Reactive Granulomatas
384 References
386 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Mixed Lymph Node Patterns: Including Granulomatous Lymphadenopathy
Noninfectious 389 Xiaohui Zhang and Hernani D. Cualing Mixed Pattern with Follicular Hyperplasia and Eosinophilia
389 Mixed Nonnecrotizing ''Dry'' Granulomas
396 Mixed Pattern with Hemorrhage and Infarction
404 Mixed Necrotizing Pattern with No or Minimal Granulomas
406 Necrotizing Nonsuppurative Granulomatas
410 Necrotizing Suppurative Granulomatas
413 Granulomatous Change within Germinal Centers
415 Mixed Pattern with Plasmacytosis
418 References
420 CHAPTER NINETEEN Mixed Patterns in Lymph Node
Suppurative Necrotizing Granulomatous Infectious Lymphadenopathy 427 Hernani D. Cualing and Gary Hellerman Cat-Scratch Disease
427 Tularemia
431 Lymphogranuloma venereum
433 Chancroid
H. ducreyi
434 Yersinia enterocolitica/pseudotuberculosis Lymphadenitis
435 Brucellosis
437 Melioidosis
439 Typhoid Lymphadenitis (Salmonella typhi)
442 References
444 CHAPTER TWENTY Mixed Patterns: Emergent/Tropical Infections with Characterized Lymphadenopathy 447 Hernani D. Cualing Mixed Pattern with Granulomatas and Diagnostic Microorganisms
447 Lymphadenopathy Secondary to Localized Filariasis
449 Schistosomiasis
453 Leishmaniasis
454 Mixed Pattern with Granulomas and Foamy Macrophages
457 Mixed Pattern with Deposition of Interstitial Substance
459 Mixed Pattern with Caseation Necrosis
461 Mixed Pattern Atypical Mycobacterial Infections in AIDS
463 Mixed Pattern with Angiomatoid Change
467 Mixed Pattern with Spent Granulomas and Extracellular Organisms
470 African Histoplamosis Secondary to H. capsulatum var duboisii
474 References
476 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Cytopathology of Non-neoplastic and Infectious Lymphadenopathy 481 Sara E. Monaco
Liron Pantanowitz
and Walid E. Khalbuss Technical Components
483 Approach to Cytomorphologic Evaluation of Lymph Nodes
484 FNA Reporting Terminology
485 Intraoperative Touch Preparation
487 Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia
487 Inflammatory and Infectious Causes of Lymphadenopathy
488 Other Causes of Lymphadenopathy
497 Lymphadenopathy in the Pediatric Patient
504 Use of Ancillary Studies
504 Molecular Studies
506 References
506 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Mixed Patterns In Lymph Node: Tropical Infectious Lymphadenopathy and Hematopathology
Not Otherwise Characterized 511 Hernani D. Cualing Introduction
511 Hemorrhagic Lymphadenopathy
511 Sinus Pattern
517 Diffuse Pattern with Depletion and Atypical Immunoblastic Reaction
525 Unusual Granulomas Q Fever
531 References
533 PART IV Non-neoplastic Findings in Bone Marrow Transplantation 537 CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE Non-neoplastic Hematopathology of Bone Marrow Transplant and Infections 539 Taiga Nishihori and Ernesto Ayala Introduction
539 Fundamental Principles of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT)
539 Characteristics of Pretransplant Bone Marrow
542 Hematopoietic Regeneration
542 Chimerism
543 Post-Transplantation Marrow
543 Complications of Hematopoietic Regeneration
547 Conclusion
551 References
552 Index
559
Contributors
xix Foreword
xxiii Preface
xxv Acknowledgments
xxvii Introduction
xxix PART I Non-neoplastic Hematology 1 CHAPTER ONE Non-neoplastic Disorders of White Blood Cells 3 Rebecca A. Levy
Vandita P. Johari
and Liron Pantanowitz Overview of WBC Production and Function
3 Quantitative Disorders of WBCS
6 Qualitative Disorders of WBCS
21 References
26 CHAPTER TWO Non-neoplastic Disorders of Platelets 31 Lija Joseph Platelet Production Structure and Function
31 Quantitative Disorders of Platelets
33 Qualitative Disorders of Platelets
39 References
43 CHAPTER THREE Approach to Disorders of Red Blood Cells 45 Jason C. Ford Introduction
45 The Anemias
45 The Approach to Anemia
50 The Polycythemias
63 References
63 CHAPTER FOUR Microcytic
Normocytic
and Macrocytic Anemias 65 Reza Setoodeh and Loveleen C. Kang Microcytic Anemias
65 Normocytic Anemias
74 Macrocytic Anemias
81 References
86 CHAPTER FIVE Disorders of Hemoglobin 89 Parul Bhargava Overview
89 Quantitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
89 Qualitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
97 Mixed-Quantitative Qualitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
104 Double Heterozygous States
105 Approach to Diagnosis of Hemoglobin Disorders
106 References
111 PART II Infectious Aspects of Hematology 113 CHAPTER SIX Apicomplexal Parasites of Peripheral Blood
Bone Marrow
and Spleen: The Genera Plasmodium
Babesia
and Toxoplasma 115 Lynne S. Garcia Plasmodium
115 Babesia
125 Toxoplasma
128 References
134 CHAPTER SEVEN Blood and Tissue Flagellates of the Class Kinetoplastidea: The Genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma 139 Raul E. Villanueva and Stephen D. Allen Leishmaniasis
139 Chagas' Disease
145 African Trypanosomiasis
150 References
155 CHAPTER EIGHT Proteobacteria and Rickettsial Agents: Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis and Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis 159 Sheldon Campbell and Tal Oren Microbiology and Epidemiology of HGA and HME
159 Clinical Syndromes
160 Differential Diagnosis
160 Diagnostic Approach
161 Prevention and Treatment
163 References
163 CHAPTER NINE Clinically Significant Fungal Yeasts 165 Ramon L. Sandin Introduction
165 Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (H. capsulatum)
166 Blastomyces dermatitidis
170 Coccidioides immitis
174 Cryptococcus neoformans
178 Candida albicans and other Candida Species
183 Malassezia furfur
188 References
193 CHAPTER TEN Hematologic Aspects of Tropical Infections 195 Deniz Peker Anemia in Tropical Infections
195 Vascular Purpuras
202 References
203 PART III Non-neoplastic Lymph Node Pathology and Infections 205 CHAPTER ELEVEN Classification of Reactive Lymphadenopathy 207 Hernani D. Cualing Introduction
207 References
229 CHAPTER TWELVE Lymph Node Biology
Markers and Disease 231 Hernani D. Cualing Peripheral Lymphoid Tissue
231 Pathophysiology
231 Cortex
232 Paracortex
240 Sinus Histiocytes
242 Epithelioid Histiocytes and Granulomas
243 Nodal Framework
243 References
246 CHAPTER THIRTEEN Lymphadenopathy with Predominant Follicular Patterns 249 Shohreh Iravani Dickinson
Jun Mo
and Hernani D. Cualing Germinal Center Hyperplasia
249 Regressive Transformation of Germinal Center (Atrophic) Pattern
256 Progressive Transformation of Germinal Center Pattern
267 Marginal Zone Hyperplasia and Mantle Cell Hyperplasia
273 Reactive Follicular Pattern
Mixed with Other Patterns
Specific Entities
276 Mixed Pattern with Follicular Hyperplasia
Microgranulomas
Monocytoid Hyperplasia
278 Follicular Hyperplasia with Capsular Fibrosis and Plasmacytosis-Syphilis
282 References
284 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Paracortical Pattern
Noninfectious Etiology 291 Ling Zhang and Jeremy W. Bowers Paracortical Hyperplasia
291 Dermatopathic Lymphadenopathy
297 Reactive Immunoblastic Proliferation
301 Postvaccinal Lymphadenitis
307 Drug-Induced Lymphadenopathy
309 Anticonvulsant (Phenytoin)-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder
309 Methotrexate-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder
312 References
315 CHAPTER FIFTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Diffuse Paracortical Pattern--Infectious Etiology 323 Jeremy W. Bowers and Ling Zhang Introduction
323 Infectious Mononucleosis Lymphadenitis
323 Cytomegalovirus Lymphadenitis
329 Herpes Simplex Virus Lymphadenitis
333 Varicella Zoster Lymphadenitis
337 References
340 CHAPTER SIXTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Sinus Pattern 347 Hernani D. Cualing Sinuses and Vascular Supply
347 Sinus Histiocytosis
Nonspecific
347 Signet Ring Histiocytosis
354 Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (or Rosai-Dorfman Disease)
355 Pigmented Sinus Histiocytic Pattern Secondary to Iron Overload from Hemochromatosis
Transfusion
or Hemolysis
357 Histiocytic Reaction to Foreign Matter
359 Sinus Pattern from Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
361 Immature "Sinus Histiocytosis" or Monocytoid B-Cell Hyperplasia
363 Reactive Hemophagocytic Syndromes
365 Vascular Transformation of Sinuses (VTS)
366 Whipple's Disease (WD) Lymphadenopathy
368 References
370 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Mixed Lymph Node Patterns: Stromal and Histiocytic Reactions
NonInfectious 375 Hernani D. Cualing Proteinaceous Lymphadenopathy Including Immunoglobulin Deposition Lymphadenopathy
375 Lymph Node Fibrosis or Fibrotic Changes
Nonspecific
377 Inflammatory Pseudotumor of Lymph Nodes
379 Fatty Replacement or Fatty Changes
Nonspecific
383 Tumor Reactive Granulomatas
384 References
386 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Mixed Lymph Node Patterns: Including Granulomatous Lymphadenopathy
Noninfectious 389 Xiaohui Zhang and Hernani D. Cualing Mixed Pattern with Follicular Hyperplasia and Eosinophilia
389 Mixed Nonnecrotizing ''Dry'' Granulomas
396 Mixed Pattern with Hemorrhage and Infarction
404 Mixed Necrotizing Pattern with No or Minimal Granulomas
406 Necrotizing Nonsuppurative Granulomatas
410 Necrotizing Suppurative Granulomatas
413 Granulomatous Change within Germinal Centers
415 Mixed Pattern with Plasmacytosis
418 References
420 CHAPTER NINETEEN Mixed Patterns in Lymph Node
Suppurative Necrotizing Granulomatous Infectious Lymphadenopathy 427 Hernani D. Cualing and Gary Hellerman Cat-Scratch Disease
427 Tularemia
431 Lymphogranuloma venereum
433 Chancroid
H. ducreyi
434 Yersinia enterocolitica/pseudotuberculosis Lymphadenitis
435 Brucellosis
437 Melioidosis
439 Typhoid Lymphadenitis (Salmonella typhi)
442 References
444 CHAPTER TWENTY Mixed Patterns: Emergent/Tropical Infections with Characterized Lymphadenopathy 447 Hernani D. Cualing Mixed Pattern with Granulomatas and Diagnostic Microorganisms
447 Lymphadenopathy Secondary to Localized Filariasis
449 Schistosomiasis
453 Leishmaniasis
454 Mixed Pattern with Granulomas and Foamy Macrophages
457 Mixed Pattern with Deposition of Interstitial Substance
459 Mixed Pattern with Caseation Necrosis
461 Mixed Pattern Atypical Mycobacterial Infections in AIDS
463 Mixed Pattern with Angiomatoid Change
467 Mixed Pattern with Spent Granulomas and Extracellular Organisms
470 African Histoplamosis Secondary to H. capsulatum var duboisii
474 References
476 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Cytopathology of Non-neoplastic and Infectious Lymphadenopathy 481 Sara E. Monaco
Liron Pantanowitz
and Walid E. Khalbuss Technical Components
483 Approach to Cytomorphologic Evaluation of Lymph Nodes
484 FNA Reporting Terminology
485 Intraoperative Touch Preparation
487 Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia
487 Inflammatory and Infectious Causes of Lymphadenopathy
488 Other Causes of Lymphadenopathy
497 Lymphadenopathy in the Pediatric Patient
504 Use of Ancillary Studies
504 Molecular Studies
506 References
506 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Mixed Patterns In Lymph Node: Tropical Infectious Lymphadenopathy and Hematopathology
Not Otherwise Characterized 511 Hernani D. Cualing Introduction
511 Hemorrhagic Lymphadenopathy
511 Sinus Pattern
517 Diffuse Pattern with Depletion and Atypical Immunoblastic Reaction
525 Unusual Granulomas Q Fever
531 References
533 PART IV Non-neoplastic Findings in Bone Marrow Transplantation 537 CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE Non-neoplastic Hematopathology of Bone Marrow Transplant and Infections 539 Taiga Nishihori and Ernesto Ayala Introduction
539 Fundamental Principles of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT)
539 Characteristics of Pretransplant Bone Marrow
542 Hematopoietic Regeneration
542 Chimerism
543 Post-Transplantation Marrow
543 Complications of Hematopoietic Regeneration
547 Conclusion
551 References
552 Index
559
xix Foreword
xxiii Preface
xxv Acknowledgments
xxvii Introduction
xxix PART I Non-neoplastic Hematology 1 CHAPTER ONE Non-neoplastic Disorders of White Blood Cells 3 Rebecca A. Levy
Vandita P. Johari
and Liron Pantanowitz Overview of WBC Production and Function
3 Quantitative Disorders of WBCS
6 Qualitative Disorders of WBCS
21 References
26 CHAPTER TWO Non-neoplastic Disorders of Platelets 31 Lija Joseph Platelet Production Structure and Function
31 Quantitative Disorders of Platelets
33 Qualitative Disorders of Platelets
39 References
43 CHAPTER THREE Approach to Disorders of Red Blood Cells 45 Jason C. Ford Introduction
45 The Anemias
45 The Approach to Anemia
50 The Polycythemias
63 References
63 CHAPTER FOUR Microcytic
Normocytic
and Macrocytic Anemias 65 Reza Setoodeh and Loveleen C. Kang Microcytic Anemias
65 Normocytic Anemias
74 Macrocytic Anemias
81 References
86 CHAPTER FIVE Disorders of Hemoglobin 89 Parul Bhargava Overview
89 Quantitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
89 Qualitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
97 Mixed-Quantitative Qualitative Disorders of Hemoglobin
104 Double Heterozygous States
105 Approach to Diagnosis of Hemoglobin Disorders
106 References
111 PART II Infectious Aspects of Hematology 113 CHAPTER SIX Apicomplexal Parasites of Peripheral Blood
Bone Marrow
and Spleen: The Genera Plasmodium
Babesia
and Toxoplasma 115 Lynne S. Garcia Plasmodium
115 Babesia
125 Toxoplasma
128 References
134 CHAPTER SEVEN Blood and Tissue Flagellates of the Class Kinetoplastidea: The Genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma 139 Raul E. Villanueva and Stephen D. Allen Leishmaniasis
139 Chagas' Disease
145 African Trypanosomiasis
150 References
155 CHAPTER EIGHT Proteobacteria and Rickettsial Agents: Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis and Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis 159 Sheldon Campbell and Tal Oren Microbiology and Epidemiology of HGA and HME
159 Clinical Syndromes
160 Differential Diagnosis
160 Diagnostic Approach
161 Prevention and Treatment
163 References
163 CHAPTER NINE Clinically Significant Fungal Yeasts 165 Ramon L. Sandin Introduction
165 Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (H. capsulatum)
166 Blastomyces dermatitidis
170 Coccidioides immitis
174 Cryptococcus neoformans
178 Candida albicans and other Candida Species
183 Malassezia furfur
188 References
193 CHAPTER TEN Hematologic Aspects of Tropical Infections 195 Deniz Peker Anemia in Tropical Infections
195 Vascular Purpuras
202 References
203 PART III Non-neoplastic Lymph Node Pathology and Infections 205 CHAPTER ELEVEN Classification of Reactive Lymphadenopathy 207 Hernani D. Cualing Introduction
207 References
229 CHAPTER TWELVE Lymph Node Biology
Markers and Disease 231 Hernani D. Cualing Peripheral Lymphoid Tissue
231 Pathophysiology
231 Cortex
232 Paracortex
240 Sinus Histiocytes
242 Epithelioid Histiocytes and Granulomas
243 Nodal Framework
243 References
246 CHAPTER THIRTEEN Lymphadenopathy with Predominant Follicular Patterns 249 Shohreh Iravani Dickinson
Jun Mo
and Hernani D. Cualing Germinal Center Hyperplasia
249 Regressive Transformation of Germinal Center (Atrophic) Pattern
256 Progressive Transformation of Germinal Center Pattern
267 Marginal Zone Hyperplasia and Mantle Cell Hyperplasia
273 Reactive Follicular Pattern
Mixed with Other Patterns
Specific Entities
276 Mixed Pattern with Follicular Hyperplasia
Microgranulomas
Monocytoid Hyperplasia
278 Follicular Hyperplasia with Capsular Fibrosis and Plasmacytosis-Syphilis
282 References
284 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Paracortical Pattern
Noninfectious Etiology 291 Ling Zhang and Jeremy W. Bowers Paracortical Hyperplasia
291 Dermatopathic Lymphadenopathy
297 Reactive Immunoblastic Proliferation
301 Postvaccinal Lymphadenitis
307 Drug-Induced Lymphadenopathy
309 Anticonvulsant (Phenytoin)-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder
309 Methotrexate-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder
312 References
315 CHAPTER FIFTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Diffuse Paracortical Pattern--Infectious Etiology 323 Jeremy W. Bowers and Ling Zhang Introduction
323 Infectious Mononucleosis Lymphadenitis
323 Cytomegalovirus Lymphadenitis
329 Herpes Simplex Virus Lymphadenitis
333 Varicella Zoster Lymphadenitis
337 References
340 CHAPTER SIXTEEN Reactive Lymphadenopathy with Sinus Pattern 347 Hernani D. Cualing Sinuses and Vascular Supply
347 Sinus Histiocytosis
Nonspecific
347 Signet Ring Histiocytosis
354 Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (or Rosai-Dorfman Disease)
355 Pigmented Sinus Histiocytic Pattern Secondary to Iron Overload from Hemochromatosis
Transfusion
or Hemolysis
357 Histiocytic Reaction to Foreign Matter
359 Sinus Pattern from Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
361 Immature "Sinus Histiocytosis" or Monocytoid B-Cell Hyperplasia
363 Reactive Hemophagocytic Syndromes
365 Vascular Transformation of Sinuses (VTS)
366 Whipple's Disease (WD) Lymphadenopathy
368 References
370 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Mixed Lymph Node Patterns: Stromal and Histiocytic Reactions
NonInfectious 375 Hernani D. Cualing Proteinaceous Lymphadenopathy Including Immunoglobulin Deposition Lymphadenopathy
375 Lymph Node Fibrosis or Fibrotic Changes
Nonspecific
377 Inflammatory Pseudotumor of Lymph Nodes
379 Fatty Replacement or Fatty Changes
Nonspecific
383 Tumor Reactive Granulomatas
384 References
386 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Mixed Lymph Node Patterns: Including Granulomatous Lymphadenopathy
Noninfectious 389 Xiaohui Zhang and Hernani D. Cualing Mixed Pattern with Follicular Hyperplasia and Eosinophilia
389 Mixed Nonnecrotizing ''Dry'' Granulomas
396 Mixed Pattern with Hemorrhage and Infarction
404 Mixed Necrotizing Pattern with No or Minimal Granulomas
406 Necrotizing Nonsuppurative Granulomatas
410 Necrotizing Suppurative Granulomatas
413 Granulomatous Change within Germinal Centers
415 Mixed Pattern with Plasmacytosis
418 References
420 CHAPTER NINETEEN Mixed Patterns in Lymph Node
Suppurative Necrotizing Granulomatous Infectious Lymphadenopathy 427 Hernani D. Cualing and Gary Hellerman Cat-Scratch Disease
427 Tularemia
431 Lymphogranuloma venereum
433 Chancroid
H. ducreyi
434 Yersinia enterocolitica/pseudotuberculosis Lymphadenitis
435 Brucellosis
437 Melioidosis
439 Typhoid Lymphadenitis (Salmonella typhi)
442 References
444 CHAPTER TWENTY Mixed Patterns: Emergent/Tropical Infections with Characterized Lymphadenopathy 447 Hernani D. Cualing Mixed Pattern with Granulomatas and Diagnostic Microorganisms
447 Lymphadenopathy Secondary to Localized Filariasis
449 Schistosomiasis
453 Leishmaniasis
454 Mixed Pattern with Granulomas and Foamy Macrophages
457 Mixed Pattern with Deposition of Interstitial Substance
459 Mixed Pattern with Caseation Necrosis
461 Mixed Pattern Atypical Mycobacterial Infections in AIDS
463 Mixed Pattern with Angiomatoid Change
467 Mixed Pattern with Spent Granulomas and Extracellular Organisms
470 African Histoplamosis Secondary to H. capsulatum var duboisii
474 References
476 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Cytopathology of Non-neoplastic and Infectious Lymphadenopathy 481 Sara E. Monaco
Liron Pantanowitz
and Walid E. Khalbuss Technical Components
483 Approach to Cytomorphologic Evaluation of Lymph Nodes
484 FNA Reporting Terminology
485 Intraoperative Touch Preparation
487 Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia
487 Inflammatory and Infectious Causes of Lymphadenopathy
488 Other Causes of Lymphadenopathy
497 Lymphadenopathy in the Pediatric Patient
504 Use of Ancillary Studies
504 Molecular Studies
506 References
506 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Mixed Patterns In Lymph Node: Tropical Infectious Lymphadenopathy and Hematopathology
Not Otherwise Characterized 511 Hernani D. Cualing Introduction
511 Hemorrhagic Lymphadenopathy
511 Sinus Pattern
517 Diffuse Pattern with Depletion and Atypical Immunoblastic Reaction
525 Unusual Granulomas Q Fever
531 References
533 PART IV Non-neoplastic Findings in Bone Marrow Transplantation 537 CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE Non-neoplastic Hematopathology of Bone Marrow Transplant and Infections 539 Taiga Nishihori and Ernesto Ayala Introduction
539 Fundamental Principles of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT)
539 Characteristics of Pretransplant Bone Marrow
542 Hematopoietic Regeneration
542 Chimerism
543 Post-Transplantation Marrow
543 Complications of Hematopoietic Regeneration
547 Conclusion
551 References
552 Index
559
"An ambitious book . . . comprehensive in coverage of the wide range of non-neoplastic hematopathology. It has a particular emphasis on tropical and non-tropical infectious diseases including parasitic diseases. It should be especially useful for hematologists, hematopathologists, general pathologists, and infectious disease specialists, but should also be useful for internists, primary care physicians, and those in training. It particularly emphasizes morphologic aspects of infections which may have hematologic manifestations or present diagnostic problems." -- James Warren Smith, MD, Nordschow Professor Emeritus of Laboratory Medicine, Former Chair, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine; Past President, Binford-Dammin Society of Infectious Disease Pathologists