Robert K M Hay, John R Porter

Physiology of Crop Yield 2e

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

First published in 1989, Physiology of Crop Yield was the first student textbook to digest and assimilate the many advances in crop physiology, within a framework of resource capture and use. Retaining the central core of the first edition, this long-awaited second edition draws on recent developments in areas such as phenology, canopy dynamics and crop modelling, and the concepts of sustainable crop production. A broad perspective is developed, from the gene through the plant and crop to the ecosystem, covering: * Advances in molecular biology relating to crop science * Limitation of crop yield by the supply of water or nitrogen * Global climate change and its impact on crop modelling * Physiological aspects of crop quality * A wider range of species, with emphasis on wheat, maize and soybean This book will be a valuable tool for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of agricultural science, plant science, applied ecology and environmental science. It will be an essential addition to all libraries in universities and relevant research establishments.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley
• 2nd edition
• Seitenzahl: 336
• Erscheinungstermin: 17. November 2006
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 246mm x 189mm x 18mm
• Gewicht: 640g
• ISBN-13: 9781405108591
• ISBN-10: 1405108592
• Artikelnr.: 21880995

Autorenporträt

Robert K M Hay was, until 2004, director of the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency. He is currently Visiting Professor in the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala. John R Porter is Professor of Agroecology at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University in Denmark and was formerly President of the European Society for Agronomy.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface ix
Copyright acknowledgements xi
1 Introduction 1
2 Development and phenology 7
2.1 Crop development: concepts and tools 8
2.1.1 Growth stages and phasic development 9
2.1.2 Events at the stem apex: the leek as a simple model species 11
2.1.3 Events at stem apices: branching and reproductive development in
wheat 13
2.1.4 Events at stem apices: the consequences of separation of male and
female organs in maize 15
2.1.5 Phenology determined by events at axillary meristems: determinate and
indeterminate soybean varieties 18
2.1.6 Components of yield 21
2.2 Case histories: the influence of environment and management on crop
development and phenology 22
2.2.1 Convergence and synchrony: the influence of sowing date on winter
wheat in Northern Europe 22
2.2.2 Crop improvement and the anthesis-silking interval in maize 25
2.2.3 Adaptation of soybean to different latitudes: phasic analysis of the
photoperiodic control of flowering 26
2.2.4 Development in storage: physiological age and tuber initiation in the
potato 30
2.2.5 Complementary phenologies and plant habits in mixed cropping:
temperate grass/clover swards 32
3 Interception of solar radiation by the canopy 35
3.1 The life history of a leaf 35
3.2 The components of plant leaf area expansion 40
3.2.1 Crop emergence 40
3.2.2 Leaf production 41
3.2.3 Leaf expansion 43
3.2.4 Branching 47
3.2.5 Senescence, removal and damage - leaf lifespan 50
3.3 The development of the crop canopy: leaf area index 53
3.3.1 Seasonal development of leaf area index 53
3.3.2 Leaf area index and crop management 55
3.4 Canopy architecture and the interception of solar radiation 60
3.4.1 Seasonal patterns of interception 60
3.4.2 Optimum and critical leaf area indices 61
3.4.3 Leaf photosynthesis and canopy properties 63
3.4.4 Canopy extinction coefficient 66
4 Photosynthesis and photorespiration 73
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Photosynthetic efficiency 75
4.3 Photosynthetic processes 80
4.3.1 Photosynthesis as a cellular biochemical process 80
4.3.2 Photosynthesis as a leaf diffusive process 89
4.3.3 Photosynthesis as a crop canopy process 95
4.4 The C 4 photosynthesis mechanism 99
4.5 Water shortage and photosynthesis 104
4.6 Nitrogen effects on photosynthesis 109
4.7 Ozone effects on photosynthesis and crop productivity 112
5 The loss of CO 2 : respiration 117
5.1 Introduction 117
5.2 The basis of crop respiration 120
5.3 Growth and maintenance respiration 123
5.4 The respiration of different plant substrates 126
5.5 Growth and maintenance respiration in the field 130
5.6 Respiration associated with crop processes 134
5.7 Environmental effects on respiration 140
5.8 Crop respiration in the future 142
6 The partitioning of dry matter to harvested organs 145
6.1 The processes and pathways of assimilate partitioning 145
6.2 Ontogeny and assimilate partitioning: a survey of source/sink
relationships 148
6.3 Time courses of dry matter partitioning: harvest index 151
6.4 Limitation of yield by source or sink 153
6.5 Sink limitation of yield in cereals - physiology of ineffective grain
setting 157
6.6 Assimilate partitioning and crop improvement: historic trends in
harvest index of wheat and barley 162
6.7 Assimilate partitioning and crop improvement: historic trends in
harvest index of maize 165
6.8 Assimilate partitioning to potato tubers 167
6.9 Assimilate partitioning in grassland: implications for management of
grass yield 171
6.10 Assimilate partitioning in grassland: implications for the
overwintering and early growth of white clover 176
6. 11 Assimilate partitioning in diseased plants: temperate cereals
affected by biotrophic fungal pathogens 178
7 Limiting factors and the achievement of high yield 180
7.1 Limitation by water supply 181
7.1.1 Acquisition of water 182
7.1.2 Water use efficiency 186
7.1.3 Crop yield where water supply is limiting 190
7.2 Limitation by nitrogen supply 193
7.2.1 Acquisition of nitrogen 193
7.2.2 Nitrogen use efficiency 196
7.2.3 Crop yield where N supply is limiting 200
7.3 Achieving high yield: resource capture and assimilate partitioning 202
8 Physiology of crop quality 205
8.1 Wheat: protein content 206
8.2 Soybean: oil and protein contents 209
8.3 Oilseed rape: glucosinolates and erucic acid 212
8.4 Potato: tuber size and processing quality 215
8.5 The quality of conserved forages: ontogeny and yield 217
9 The simulation modelling of crops 222
9.1 Introduction 222
9.2 Building a crop model 225
9.3 Crop models of wheat (AFRC2), soybean (CROPGRO) and maize 227
9.3.1 The AFRC2 wheat model 228
9.3.2 The CROPGRO soybean model 243
9.3.3 The maize model 253
9.4 Modelling variety differences and traits 257
9.5 Conclusions 261
10 Crop physiology: the future 264
10.1 Introduction 264
10.2 Lowering inputs 265
10.3 Climate change 267
10.4 Quality 269
10.5 New crops 270
10.6 The potential for increasing crop photosynthesis and yield 272
10.7 The last words 275
References 277
Index 309

Rezensionen

"Physiology of Crop Yield would be useful to any scientistwho works to integrate and better understand growth, developmentand yield from a perspective of whole plant physiology.
This is a much needed and timely publication."
P.V. Vara Prasad, Kansas State University

"Hay and Porter have produced an excellent book, well-suited forundergraduate teaching and for those seeking an overview ofprocesses contributing to crop yield. They even tell us how longthe sun needs to shine to deliver a bowl of breakfastcereal."
Tim Wheeler, University of Reading

"Although described as the second edition of An Introductionto the Physiology of Crop Yield, which was authored by R. Hayand A. J. Walker (1989). The Physiology of Crop Yield iscompletely rewritten and focuses more explicitly on quantitativeprediction of Crop growth. The Physiology of Crop Yieldcontains numerous line drawings and tables, as well as 30 pages ofreference. The overall layout and design of text, tables, andfigures follows that of traditional textbooks...the text seems wellsuited for an upper-level undergraduate course with a pre-requisiteof plant physiology."
Jeffrey W. White reproduced from Crop Science

"This book extensively covers the theoretical aspects of cropphysiological processes...It is useful for understanding andinterpreting agronomic phenomena and therfore clearly has aconsiderable value to advanced students, teachers and scientists inthe field of agronomy, crop management and even plant breeding. Thearray of literature cited is broad and also up-to-date. The Orderof presentation is logical and comprehensive overviews aregiven...it remains an excellent reference that should berecommended for any teaching of crop phsiology at the graduatelevel."
Annals of Botany, 1-2, 2007