Social Health Insurance is a generally accepted tool for pooling the risks and for affecting on the government budget, which covers costs of public hospitals in the developing countries. However, one might also expect that a social health insurance should have consequences for the management and service provision of public hospitals. This book analyzes the expected impact of the introduction of social health insurance on the management of public hospitals in Syria. It analyses the hospital situation before and after the introduction of the insurance scheme and compare it. In order to measure the expected impact of the introduction of social health insurance on the hospital management in Syria, a questionnaire was designed and distributed in three public hospitals in Lattakia Governorate. The respondents belong to three groups: members of the top management, patients, and hospitals' staff, who work or receive treatment in these hospitals. The results of this study show that patients, staff and management of public hospitals in Syria are strongly dissatisfied with the current situation of the public hospital management. All respondents answering the questionnaire strongly indicate.