This book has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in photocatalysis & biological studies. These materials exhibit unique properties that make them attractive for use in a range of applications. In recent research, the synthesis and characterization of 12 different PWZ nanohybrids have been conducted. The author used a simple sol-gel method to synthesize the nanohybrids, which involves the hydrolysis and condensation of a metal alkoxide in the presence of phosphotungstic acid.