This book draws on the fieldwork on perceptions and realities of biofuels investment in rural livelihood of Kisarawe district. The fielwork for this publication employed quantitative and qualitative research methods to evaluate people s perceptions and realities toward biofuels investment.Findings have relvealed that local communities were not involved in the whole investment procedure yet were the one who gave out their land. The overriding issue is how to fulfil the promise to this poor community who gave their land for the sake of having better life. This book is ideally for those interested in biofules "energy crops" investment within local communities. It includes important discussions about policy implication to the biofuels investors, land acquisition procedures, issue of compensation, level of participation and promises.