Algorithms and implementation are the major aspects of video coding standards, particularly when new technologies and standards are gradually emerging. This thesis started with low-complexity and efficient H.264/AVC algorithms, MPEG-2/H.264 transcoding algorithms and ended with a reconfigurable video coding framework implementation. The aim of the thesis is to provide solutions for three major problems the modern video coding standards are facing: Fast and efficient algorithms of H.264/AVC; Transition from one standard to the other one; Utilizing commonalities between standards and reducing repeating design.