Condition Monitoring, Troubleshooting and Reliability in Rotating Machinery

Herausgegeben:Perez, Robert X.

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

ROTATING MACHINERY

This third volume in a broad collection of current rotating machinery topics, written by industry experts, is a must-have for rotating equipment engineers, maintenance personnel, students, and anyone else wanting to stay abreast with current rotating machinery concepts and technology.

Rotating Machinery Fundamentals and Advances represents a broad category of equipment, which includes pumps, compressors, fans, gas turbines, electric motors, internal combustion engines, etc., that are critical to the efficient operation of process facilities around the world. These machines must be designed to move gases and liquids safely, reliably, and in an environmentally friendly manner. To fully understand rotating machinery, owners must be familiar with their associated technologies, such as machine design, lubrication, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, rotordynamics, vibration analysis, condition monitoring, maintenance practices, reliability theory, and others.

The goal of the "Advances in Rotating Machinery" book series is to provide industry practicioners a time-saving means of learning about the most up-to-date rotating machinery ideas and best practices. This three-book series covers industry-relevant topics, such as design assessments, modeling, reliability improvements, maintenance methods and best practices, reliability audits, data collection, data analysis, condition monitoring, and more.

Readers will find a good mix of theory and sage experience throughout this book series. Whether for the veteran engineer, a new hire, technician, or other industry professional, this is a must-have for any library.

This outstanding new vcolume includes:
_ Machinery monitoring concepts and best practices
_ Optimizing Lubrication and Lubricant Analysis
_ Machinery troubleshooting
_ Reliability improvement ideas
_ Professional development advice

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons / Wiley-Scrivener
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W119631540
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 448
• Erscheinungstermin: 31. Mai 2023
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 161mm x 239mm x 31mm
• Gewicht: 699g
• ISBN-13: 9781119631545
• ISBN-10: 1119631548
• Artikelnr.: 64230025

Autorenporträt

Robert X. Perez is a mechanical engineer with more than 40 years of rotating equipment experience in the petrochemical industry. He has worked in petroleum refineries, chemical facilities, and gas processing plants. He earned a BSME degree from Texas A&M University at College Station, an MSME degree from the University of Texas at Austin and holds a Texas PE license. Mr. Perez has written numerous technical articles for magazines and conferences proceedings and has authored five books and coauthored four books covering machinery reliability, including several books also available from Wiley-Scrivener.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xix

Acknowledgements xxi

Part 1: Condition Monitoring 1

1 An Introduction to Machinery Monitoring 3
By Robert X. Perez

2 Centrifugal Pump Monitoring, Troubleshooting and Diagnosis Using Vibration Technologies 15
By William D. Marscher

Introduction 15

Vibration Definitions 16

How Vibration vs. Time Relates to a Vibration vs. Frequency "Spectrum" 18

What are Reasons for Excess Vibration? 19

Relationship of Vibration to Centrifugal Pump Acceptability and Reliability 20

Vibration Standards, Informal and Formal: Intent and Basis 21

Vibration Measurement Form 22

Vibration Detection Sensors 25

Accelerometers 26

Proximity Probes 27

Motion Magnified Video (aka Vibration Video Amplification) 28

International Vibration Acceptance Standards 30

Pump Components Playing Key Roles in Vibration Diagnostics 33

Rotor Support by Bearings: Fluid Film Journal Bearings vs. Rolling Element Bearings 33

Rotor Support by Seals: Annular Seal "Lomakin Effect" 35

Couplings 38

Bearing Housings and Attachment Bolts 39

Pump Casing, Feet, and Foot Attachment Bolts 39

Pump Pedestals, Baseplate, and Foundation 40

Piping, Suction, and Discharge 40

Pump Drivers 43

Evaluating Causes of Excess Vibration: Excitation vs. Amplification 43

Process of Resonant Amplification due to Coincidence of Excitation and Natural Frequencies 45

Impact Test Method of Determining Natural Frequencies 46

Specific Forces in Centrifugal Pumps 48

Mechanical Excitation Forces 48

Balance 48

Misalignment 50

Mechanical Forces Due to Dry Running Pump, Dry Running Seal, Overtightened Seal 52

Hydraulic Forces and Blade Passing Frequency 52

Hydraulic Vibration Forces Below Running Speed, Including Subsynchronous Whirl 54

Detection of Effects of Cavitation 57

Torsional Excitations 59

Vibrations Particular to Various Centrifugal Pump Types 62

Vertical Turbine Pump Evaluation 62

Vertical Dry Pit Pump Vibration Issues 65

Submersible Pump Vibration Issues 65

End Suction Overhung Single Stage Pump Vibration Issues 66

Between Bearing Double Suction Single Stage Pump Vibration Issues 66

Horizontal Multistage Pump Vibration Issues 67

Steps in Pump Evaluation through Vibration Monitoring 68

Use of the Bode and Nyquist Plots to Confirm Natural Frequencies 70

Operating Deflection Shapes (ODS) 71

Conclusions 73

Nomenclature 73

References & Bibliography 74

Acknowledgements 75

3 Proximity Probes are a Good Choice for Monitoring Critical Machinery with Fluid Film Bearings 77
By Robert X. Perez

Proximity Probe Benefits 77

Theory of Operation 78

Runout Concerns 80

Grounding and Noise 80

Shaft Orbits 81

General Machinery Monitoring Recommendations 82

Final Thoughts 85

References 86

4 Optimizing Lubrication and Lubricant Analysis 87
By Jim Fitch and Bennett Fitch

Introduction 87

Optimum Reference State 88

Lubrication Excellence and the Ascend Chart 91

Bringing Awareness to Lubrication, Contamination, and Oil Analysis 94

What You Might Not Know About Lubrication 94

Machine Surface Interaction 94

The Lubricant Film 95

Film Strength 96

Unlubricated Surface Interactions 96

Friction and Wear Gener