This mini book contains the novel chemical modification of a natural polymer (soluble eggshell membrane protein) with three different carbon nanostructures (graphene oxide (GO), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene (G)) to prepare novel nano adsorbent materials. These nanoadsorbents were used for preparing three different solid phase extraction columns which applied in water treatment applications. Thus, this book is important for workers and those interested in the field of nanochemistry and its technologies in removing environmental pollutants.