Adiponectin is a peptide hormone, secretes from adipose tissue has protective role in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma. The findings suggest that Smoking is related with a decrease in Adiponectin level and its receptors expression in the target tissue and it may therefore reduces protective effects of Adiponectin on Carcinogenesis and prognosis of Lung Carcinomas. Increase in Adiponectin levels and its receptors expression have important prognostic and therapeutic implications on Carcinogenesis.