Africa has always nourished the dreams of wild adventure. If the big African mammals are known by all, the aquatic fauna (fish) remains on the other hand, very unknown. However, it suffers from various threats and is threatened with extinction on the one hand by the use of ichthyotoxic plants (Derris eliptica, Tephrosia vogii...) and small mesh nets. ) and the nets of small meshes to the dimension of mosquito net which entrain a lesser duration of the life of the fish, a reduced size of the individuals..., on the other hand by the exploitation semi industrial Drague where one exploits gold, SNO2, Uranium... in the river Ulindi. Therefore, in this study, we try to understand the community structure of fish families that are caught in the Ulindi River. So the need to take conservation measures becomes a major concern in this river.