Farming that is based on achievements of modern science and technology causes very serious problems. Today, the most important factors contributing deterioration of soils in the country are degradation and desertification of soils caused by both natural and, mainly, anthropogenic factors. This naturally has a negative impact on soil fertility and the yielding capacity of crops. This manual can be helpful for soil scientists, geographers, ameliorators, ecologists, agronomists, students of universities and vocational educational institutions and other specialists involved in agriculture.